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Antiviral transport

Takeda M, Khamdang S, Narikawa S, Kimura H, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto Y, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H. Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal antiviral transport. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002 300 918-924. [Pg.137]

Ara-A is phosphorylated in mammalian cells to ara-AMP by adenosine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase. Further phosphorylation to the di- and triphosphates, ara-ADP and ara-ATP, also occurs. In HSV-1 infected cells, ara-A also is converted to ara-ATP. Levels of ara-ATP correlate directly with HSV rephcation. It has recently been suggested that ara-A also may exhibit an antiviral effect against adenovims by inhibiting polyadenylation of viral messenger RNA (mRNA), which may then inhibit the proper transport of the viral mRNA from the cell nucleus. [Pg.307]

Brefeldin A, an antiviral agent which impedes protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, was synthesized as the racemate using a number of interesting diastereoselective reactions. [Pg.124]

Virus maturation and assembly at the cell membrane or the nuclear membrane has long been seen as a potential target for antiviral compounds. For the virus to mature and be released in a conformation that will insure stability and survival of the viral genome in the exttacellular enviromnent, the protein subunits of the capsid or nucle-ocapsids have to be transported to the assembly point where they will form the final particles around the viral nucleic acid. If this process does not occur in an orderly and programmed manner, the capsid subunits will not form the required multimers and the viral components will become targets for the cellular disposal mechanisms. [Pg.168]

Fig. 5.1 Regulators of pre- and post-integration latency. Pre-integration latency is regulated as the viral RNA is reverse transcribed into the proviral DNA (A). This is controlled by the avaUabdity of the nucleotide pool, half life of the forming proviral cDNA copy, and the interaction of the viral protein Vif with the cellular antiviral protein APOBEC, espedaUy family members 3G and 3R It is also regulated at the step of transport across the nuclear membrane through the availability of ATP as the process requires energy (B). Post-integration, the proviral DNA copy of the viral genome, is regulated maiiily by the avadabdity of host transcription factors, especially NF-kB and NFAT (C)... Fig. 5.1 Regulators of pre- and post-integration latency. Pre-integration latency is regulated as the viral RNA is reverse transcribed into the proviral DNA (A). This is controlled by the avaUabdity of the nucleotide pool, half life of the forming proviral cDNA copy, and the interaction of the viral protein Vif with the cellular antiviral protein APOBEC, espedaUy family members 3G and 3R It is also regulated at the step of transport across the nuclear membrane through the availability of ATP as the process requires energy (B). Post-integration, the proviral DNA copy of the viral genome, is regulated maiiily by the avadabdity of host transcription factors, especially NF-kB and NFAT (C)...
The Zn-N3imide interaction has been used to selectively extract imide-containing nucleosides and nucleotides into lipophilic media (39). Hexadecyl-derivatized Zn2+-cyclen was shown to extract dT from an aqueous solution containing a mixture of C, A, and G nucleobases. The antiviral agent AZT (3 azido-3 deoxythymidine) could also be extracted into CHCI3 from neutral aqueous solutions. Transport across a lipophilic layer was also shown, using acidic conditions, to promote the release of dT and AZT (Fig. 9). [Pg.96]

Han, H., et al. 5 -Amino acid esters of antiviral nucleosides, acyclovir, and AZT are absorbed by the intestinal PEPT1 peptide transporter. Pharm. [Pg.272]

Yao, S. Y., C. E. Cass, and J. D. Young. Transport of the antiviral nucleoside analogs 3 -azido-3 -deoxy-fhymidine and 2, 3 -dideoxycytidine by a recombinant nucleoside transporter (rCNT) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 1996, 50, 388-393. [Pg.275]

Some drugs with low intrinsic permeability achieve acceptable oral bioavailability because they are substrates for uptake transporters, which normally function in nutrient uptake. The most prominent example is the peptide transporter, PepTl, which is active toward peptidomimetic antibiotics such as cephalexin, the antiviral agent valacyclovir [24] and other drugs. PepTl is natively expressed in Caco-2 cells, and adenovirus transduction has been used to increase PepTl expression levels [25]. However, the expression of PepTl was not polarized in this system and this expressed system appears to be of limited value as an improved screening model. PepTl has also been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and a variety of other mammalian systems [26, 27]. [Pg.336]

Cihlar T, Lin DC, Pritchard JB, Fuller MD, Mendel DB, Sweet DH. The antiviral nucleotide analogs cidofovir and adefovir are novel substrates for human and rat renal organic anion transporter 1. Mol Pharmacol 1999 56(3) 570-580. [Pg.203]

They are well known for their biological importance as hormones, antibiotics, toxins, ion-transport regulators, antivirals, phytotoxic compounds, and so on. °... [Pg.661]

Sticks are a convenient form of administering topical medications and come in different sizes and shapes. They are transportable and can be easily eompounded. Examples of eompoimded sticks include those containing antivirals for herpes and emollients and sunscreens for environmental exposure (Table 4). [Pg.28]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.63 ]




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