Antiviral Hypotensive

Garlic is known to possess diaphoretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, bacteriostatic, antiviral, hypotensive, and anthelmintic properties, and to promote leucocytosis. Traditionally, it has been used to treat chronic bronchitis, respiratory catarrh, recurrent colds, whooping cough, bronchitic asthma, and influenza. 

The indolocarbazole alkaloids and the biosynthetically related bisindolylmaleiraides constitute an important class of natural products, which have been isolated from actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, slime molds, and marine invertebrates [1-3], They display a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, hypotensive, antitumor, and/or neuroprotective properties. The antitumor and neuroprotective activities of indolocarbazoles are the result of one, or several, of the following mechanisms (a) inhibition of different protein kinases, (b) inhibition of DNA topoisomerases, or (c) direct DNA intercalation [3-6], Hundreds of indolocarbazole derivatives have been produced by chemical synthesis or semisynthesis [1,2,6], and several of them have entered clinical trials for the treatment of diverse types of cancer, Parkinson s disease or diabetic retinopathy [3,7]. 

The naturally occurring nucleoside analogues discussed in this section contain the IV-glycosyl linkage and either purine, pyrimidine, imidazole, diazepin, or indole rings. The purine nucleosides inhibit protein synthesis, RNA and DNA synthesis, and methyltransferases they have antimycoplasmal, antiviral, hypotensive, antifungal, antimycobacterial, and antitumor activities and induce sporulation (1—4). The pyrimidine nucleosides inhibit protein synthesis, virus replication, RNA and DNA synthesis, and cAMP phosphodiesterase. The imidazole nucleosides inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. The diazepin nucleosides inhibit adenosine deaminase (ADA). The indole nucleosides inhibit bacteria, yeast, fungi, and viruses. 

IL-1 (17.5) Monocyte/macrophage, lymphocyte, neutrophil, endothelium, fibroblast keratinocyte Activation of T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, osteoblasts, and endothelium. Induces fever, sleep, anorexia, ACTH release, hepatic acute phase protein synthesis and HSPs. Leads to myocardial depression, hypercoagulability, hypotension/sbock, and death. Simulates production of TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 and stress hormone release. Suppression of cytochrome P-450, thyro-globulin, and lipoprotein synthesis. Procoagulant activity. Antiviral activity. 

The extracts of T. affinis, T. arborea, T. divaricata, T. heyrteana, and T. pandacaqui showed some degree of antitumor activity, whereas the extracts of T. malaccensis, T. dichotoma, and T. crassa exhibited hypotensive effects (9). Recently a systematic antimicrobial, antiamoebic, and antiviral screening of 19 different Tabernaemontana species has been carried out with positive results (218). 

Rimantadine (Flumadine) [Antiviral] Uses Prophylaxis Rx of influenza A viral Infxns but not for HlNl swine flu Action Antiviral Dose Adults Feds >9 y. 100 mg PO bid Feds 2-9 y. 5 mg/kg/d PO, 150 mg/d max daily w/ severe renal/hepatic impair elderly initiate w/in 48 h of Sx onset Caution [C, -] w/ cimetidine avoid w/ PRG, breast-feeding Contra Component amantadine allergy Disp Tabs SE Orthostatic X BP, edema, dizziness, GI upset, X Sz threshold Interactions T Effects W/ cimetidine i effects W/ acetaminophen, ASA EMS Concurrent EtOH usage may result in light-headedness, confusion, syncope, and hypotension OD May cause N/V, tremors, Szs, anticholinergic Sxs, ventricular arrhythmias give IV fluids... 

Stevia Stevia rebaudiana) Uses Natural sweetener, hypoglycemic and hypotensive properties Actions Multiple chemical components sweetness d/t glycoside, stevioside hypotensive effect may be d/t diuretic action or vasodilation action Available forms Liq extract, powder, caps Notes/SE HA, dizziness, bloating Interactions T Hypotensive effects W/ antihypertensives esp CCB, diuretics EMS Monitor BP does not encourage dental caries may -1-glucose St. John s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Uses Mild-mod depression, anxiety, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulant/anti-HIV/antiviral, gastritis, insomnia, vitiligo Action MAOI in vitro, not in vivo bacteriostatic bactericidal, T capillary blood flow, uterotonic activity in animals Efficacy Variable benefit w/ mild-mod depression in several trials, but not always seen in clinical practice Available forms Teas, tabs, caps, tine, oil ext for topical use Dose 2-4 g of herb or 0.2-1 mg of total hypericin (standardized extract) daily Notes/SE Photosensitivity (use sunscreen) rash, dizziness, dry mouth, GI distress Interactions Enhance MAOI activity, EtOH, narcotics, sympathomimetics EMS T Risk of photosensitivity Rxns t effects of opioids and sympathomimetics... 

Aldehydes 5-6% - anti-infectious, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, calming, antipyretic, tonic. 

Morinda citrifolia (noni) is one of the most important traditional Polynesian medicinal plants, which has a large range of therapeutic claims, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihelminthic, antitumor, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and immune enhancing effects (3,4). 

Actions Antibacterial, antiviral, antiseptic, antiparasitic, anti protozoan, antiviral, antifungal, anthelmintic, immune-stimulating, hypotensive, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, cholagogue. 

Actions Antibacterial, antiviral, circulatory stimulant, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, antiemetic, antifungal, hypotensive, anti-clotting agent, carminative, antiarthritic, analgesic, antitussive. 

Tazettine (62) is mildly active against certain tumor cell lines (341,424,503), with a slight cytotoxicity when tested on fibroblastic LMTK cell lines (463). Tazettine also displays weak hypotensive and antimalarial activities and interacts with DNA (419,472,498). Its chemically labile precursor, pretazettine (64), is far more interesting due to its antiviral and anticancer activities. In fact, when pretazettine is stereochemically rearranged to tazettine, the biological activity of the precursor is to a large extent reduced (504,505). 

It is noteworthy that isolated representatives of this class possess hypolipidemic, hypotensive, diuretic, anti-inflammatoiy, sedative, analgesic, immunostimulating, and cardiotmiic activity. Several compounds exhibit antiviral and antitumor activity. Interferon inductors were found among them. 

Cycloartane triterpenoids are interesting not only because of the fundamental biogenesis issues. The wide variety of structures makes them attractive as subjects for chemical modification. At the same time this compounds possess abroad spectrum of biological activity. It is noteworthy that some representatives of this class have hypolipidemic, hypotensive, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, analgesic, immunosti-mulating, and cardiotonic activity. Moreover, several compounds have antiviral and antitumor activity, and interferon inducers were found among them. 

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