Antitussive therapy

Anti tussive Antitussives Antiulcer therapy Antivert Antiviral agents... 

Discuss ways to promote an optimal response to therapy, how to manage common adverse reactions, and important points to keep in mind when educating the patient about the use of an antitussive, mucolytic, or expectorant drug. 

Asthma is managed by the use of an inhaled bronchodilator prescribed on an as-required (p.r.n.) basis to relieve acute attacks and administration of an inhaled corticosteroid as maintenance therapy. Budesonide is available as inhaled corticosteroid. Amoxicillin or another antibacterial agent may be required for short-term periods. Codeine, being an antitussive, should be used with caution in asthmatics and certainly not routinely. 

Wulff, O.J. Prolonged antitussive action of a resin-bound noscapine preparation. Pharm. Sci. 1965, 54, 1058. Brudney, N. Ion-exchange resin complexes in oral therapy. Can. Pharm. J. 1959, 59, 245. 

Moiice AH, Menon MS, Mulrennan SA, Everett CF, Wright C, Jackson J, Thompson R (2007) Opiate therapy in chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175 312-315 Morita K, Kamei J (2003) Antitussive effect of WIN 55212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, Eur J Pharmacol 474 269-272... 

Researchers in the field of conventional medicine are now searching intensively for antitussive agents that act on the membrane receptors for cough sensors in the airways (peripherally acting antitussives) (Chung 2006, 2007,2008 Barnes 2007), but similar studies do not seem to have been conducted for herbal CAM therapies. 

Yale SH, Liu K (2004) Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold A randomized double-blind, placebo-controUed chnical trial. Arch Intern Med 164 1237-1241 Ziment I (2001) Alternative therapies in asthma. In Gershwin ME, Albertson TE (eds) Bronchial asthma Principles of diagnosis and treatment, 4th edn. Humana, Towata, NJ, pp 255-278 Ziment I (2002) Herbal antitussives. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 15 327-324... 

Along with other ion channel modulators, menthol is recognized as a potential novel therapy for the treatment of chronic cough (Morice et al., 2004). It is not clear whether the antitussive activity of menthol is due solely to its stimulation of airway cold receptors it may also involve pulmonary C- bers (a percentage of which also express TRPM8) or there may be a sped c interaction with the neuronal cough re ex. 

Opiates, narcotic compounds extracted or derived from opium, are a remarkable source of lead compounds for their potent pharmaceutical effects such as analgesics, antitussives and ataractics, and of which many synthetic derivatives have been prepared [8, 72], Apomorphine (28), a dopamine agonist derivative from morphine (5) but without analgesic properties like morphine, was recently approved as a therapy for Parkinson s disease [73], Hydrocodone (30) is a narcotic agent derived from thebaine (29) and is commonly combined with other analgesics such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen as drugs to relieve pain. [74]. Naloxone (31) and naltrexone (32) are both opioid receptor antagonists. Naloxone is used as a treatment for opioid... 

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