Narcotic compounds

Non polar narcotics Compounds causing baseline toxicity, i.e., reversible state of arrested activity of protoplasmic structures (Bradbury et al., 1989). Volume 1(8). 

Toxicity data for saltwater organisms are often insufficient to assess risks. Freshwater toxicity data are usually more plentiful, and their use may provide a suitable surrogate for saltwater data. Wheeler et al. (2002b) used species sensitivity distributions to determine if freshwater data sets are adequately protective of saltwater species assemblages for 21 chemical substances. For ammonia and metal compounds, freshwater organisms tended to be more sensitive than saltwater species, whereas the opposite was true for pesticides and narcotic compounds (Wheeler et al. 2002b). De Zwart (2002), who compared 160 compounds, including 92 pesticides, concluded... 

OXIDE, CARBON, AND CARBON/MINERAL ADSORBENTS FOR TOXIC, EXPLOSIVE, AND NARCOTIC COMPOUNDS -SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS... 

Keywords fumed oxides silica gels activated carbons carbon-mineral adsorbents toxic and narcotic compounds explosives dynamic and static adsorption... 

V. Gun ko, R. Leboda, V. Turov, V. Zarko, A. Chuiko, Oxide, carhon, and carhon/mineral adsorbents for toxic, explosive, and narcotic compounds - synthesis, properties, and applications, in Pure and Apphed Surface Chemistry and Nanomaterials for Human Life and Environmental Protection, Proceedings of NATO ARW, (Kiev, Ukraine, September 14-17, 2005, NATO Science Series II Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Springer, edited by J. P. Blitz and V. M. Gun ko). 

One distinct lethal body burden caimot thus be used for either the polar or the nonpolar narcotic compounds, since there is again a significant variation in the data for the different organisms that have been studied. 

Diethyl ketone is a mild narcotic compound as well as an irritant. Its acute toxicity is less than that of methyl propyl ketone. Exposure to 80,000 ppm for 4 hours was fatal to rats. 

The physiological explanation for these observations was thought to be the affinity of the narcotics to lipid stmctures in the organisms, especially in brain and nerve cells. From these observations, inferences were made about the mode of action of narcotic compounds, and the relevance of lipid/water par-... 

Opiates, narcotic compounds extracted or derived from opium, are a remarkable source of lead compounds for their potent pharmaceutical effects such as analgesics, antitussives and ataractics, and of which many synthetic derivatives have been prepared [8, 72], Apomorphine (28), a dopamine agonist derivative from morphine (5) but without analgesic properties like morphine, was recently approved as a therapy for Parkinson s disease [73], Hydrocodone (30) is a narcotic agent derived from thebaine (29) and is commonly combined with other analgesics such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen as drugs to relieve pain. [74]. Naloxone (31) and naltrexone (32) are both opioid receptor antagonists. Naloxone is used as a treatment for opioid... 

Predicting the Mechanism of Action for Polar and Nonpolar Narcotic Compounds... 

The second experiment we present in this tutorial for classifying compounds according to their mechanism of action involves the classifications of 88 chemicals. The chemicals are either narcotics (nonpolar and polar narcotics) and reactive compounds (respiratory uncouplers, soft electrophiles, and proelectrophiles).The dataset, consisting of 48 narcotic compounds... 

In the first test we used SVM models to discriminate between nonpolar narcotic compounds (chemicals that have baseline toxicity) and other com-potmds having excess toxicity (representing the following MO As polar narcotics, ester narcotics, amine narcotics, weak acid respiratory uncouplers, electrophiles, proelectrophiles, and nucleophiles). From the total set of 337 compotmds, 126 represent the SVM class -Fl (nonpolar narcotic) and 211 represent the SVM class —1 (all other MOA classes). 

Table 9 SVM Classification of Nonpolar Narcotic Compounds (SVM class +1) From Other Compounds (SVM class —1) Using as Descriptors log fCow, log I/IGC50 and log I/LC50...

Attention has been drawrn previously to reports of withdrawal symptoms when certain benzodiazepine compounds were stopped (39 ). The question of whether benzodiazepine dependence occurs has remained unsettled. Difficulty has arisen because concepts of addiction have traditionally related to the clinical picture associated with withdrawal of narcotic compounds this is the problem of definition. The consideration of benzodiazepine dependence is particularly hampered because possible withdraw symptoms closely resemble the clinical features of anxiety for which the compoimd was given, leading to confusion between a withdrawal syndrome and a relapse of anxiety (41 ). This may well have led to an overacceptance of benzodiazepines as safe from dependency problems recognized in other minor tranquillizers. 

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