Antitumor immuno-activity 22

Antitumor immuno-activity of whole organisms and glycoprotein-rich extracts of C. vulgaris strain CK... 

DISCOVERY OF ANTITUMOR IMMUNO-ACTIVE ACIDIC GLYCOPROTEIN FROM THE CULTURE SUPERNATANT OF C VULGARIS STRAIN CK22... 

C. vulgaris, strain CK22, was cultured as previously reported [27,28]. Purification steps of antitumor immuno-active components and their antitumor activities are shown in Fig (2). 

Whole oiganisms and glycoprotein-rich hot-water extracts of C. vulgaris strain CK show not only an antitumor immuno-potentiation [9,10,44] but also a protective effect on bacterial [12,13,15,24,25] and viral [14] infections in murine systems. Hot-water extracts accelerate the recovery of neutrophils and restore protection against infection with K coli in neutropenic states by a cyclophosphamide treatment [13,15], Thus, glycoprotein-rich extracts may not only activate mature leukocytes but also stimulate hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. 

Rehmannia chinensis Fisch. R. glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. Di Huang (Chinese foxglove) (root) Catalpol, campesterol, rehmannin, polysaccharide.16,33 Lower blood sugar, immuno-antitumor activity. 

Bugula neritina) and related organisms produce substances with antibacterial, antitumor (e.g. bryostatins, didemnin B, dolastatin, girodazol, halichondrin B), anti-inflammatory (e.g. pseudopterosin E, manoalide derivatives), antifungal, antiviral, or immuno-suppressive (e.g. microcolin A and B) activity [399,400]. These compounds and/or their synthetic derivatives may be important novel bioactive pharmaceutical substances. It is also very Hkely that some new natural marine substances or their derivatives can be used as antifouling compounds, insecticides, or fungicides. 

Bryostatin 1 binds to the regulatory domain of protein kinase C short-term exposure promotes activation of protein kinase C, whereas prolonged exposure promotes significant down-regulation (4). In preclinical and phase I clinical studies it had promising antitumor and immuno-modulating effects. It amplifies expansion of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells stimulated by the cytokines GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-3. Similarly, it induces the production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with enhanced lymphokine-activated killer cell activity and proliferation in the presence of IL-2 (5). 

Chitosan has attracted attention as a biomedical and food material, owing to its unique biological benefits such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidative and immuno-enhancing properties. In addition, their various activities are affected by molecular weight (MW) or chain length and degree of deacetylation (DD) with their low toxicity. 

Fumagillin is an antibiotic agent produced by a fungal strain and used in human clinical medicine in the treatment of infections in immuno-depressed patients, and in apiculture. It was also shown that this terpenoid possessed an angiogenic activity by inhibition of a methionine amino peptidase (MetAP) [SIN 97], MetAP has become a new target in research into new antitumoral compounds. 

The polyanions can function as chemical immunomodulators and produce a wide spectrum of effects on the immune system. It was reported that the polyanions have the capacity to activate macrophages, which may be related to their effects on the plasma membrane lipids, and to provide immuno-modulation through B-cell stimulation [8,9]. It was also observed that the antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities of pyran copolymer may be mediated by the induction of interferon (IFN) production [10], macrophage activation [11], or stimulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity... 

ADCC) [12]. The low molecular weight pyran copolymer (MVE-2, Mw 15,000) does stimulate natural killer (NK) cells [13,14], Thus, at least two cell types, the macrophages and the NK cells, are presumed to play an important role in the antitumor and antiviral activity of MVE-2. The enhancement of the macrophage and the NK cell activity by these immuno-modulators may have the potential to provide tumoricidal effects and protection against viral infections exacerbated during immunosuppression or immunodeficiency in cases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). 

---