Antimony vapor pressure

Antimony Trifluoride. Antimony(Ill) fluoride [7783-56-4] SbF, is a white, crystalline, orthorhombic soHd vapor pressure at the mp, 26.34... 

Like ferric nitrate, antimony sulfate is decomposed by water, various basic salts being formed, the simplest of which has the formula (SbOLSCL. The normal salt is stable only in rather concentrated sulfuric acid. Since this latter solvent has almost no vapor pressure at ordinary temperatures, the moist salt cannot be dried by evaporation of the solvent. It cannot be dried on absorbent paper, since the oily liquid rapidly carbonizes it. In such a case, it is best to take advantage of the drying qualities of unglazed earthenware (porous plate), such as the biscuit which forms the body of dishes. Owing to the fine pores which this material contains, liquids are sucked up by it by capillary attraction, and it is not acted upon by most reagents. 

Arsenic(V) fluoride is introduced into the Pyrex bulb to a pressure of 250 mm. The stopcock is closed and the bulb immersed in Dry Ice or liquid nitrogen. [Antimony(V) fluoride has only a few millimeters of vapor pressure at 25°C., but it can easily be distilled into the bulb and the quantity determined by... 

Vanadium oxytrichloride is a lemon-yellow liquid. Its boiling point is 124.5°C. at 736 mm. and 127.16°C. at 760 mm. It remains liquid at —77°. The vapor pressure at —77° is 4.1 mm. at 0°, 21 mm. and at 85°C., 270 mm. Its density in grams per milliliter is 1.854 at 0° and 1.811 at 32°C. At ordinary temperatures, it neither dissolves nor reacts with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, tellurium, or metals except the alkali metals and antimony. The reactions with the alkali metals are explosive at characteristic temperatures, varying from 30°C. for cesium to 180°C. for sodium (lithium not determined). Small... 

Gospodinov, G. G., Pashinkin, A. S., Boncheva-Mladenova, Z., Novoselova, A. V., Determination of the saturated vapor pressure of solid antimony selenide, Inorg. Mater., 6, (1970), 639-643. Cited on pages 193,201. 

Antimony and salts (antimony trichloride, antimony trioxide, antimony penlachloride [CAS 7440-36-0]) Dusts and fumes irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Toxicity through contaminatioh with sliica or arsehic may occur. Antimony trioxide is carcinogenic in test animais with iimited evidence for carcinogenicity among antimony trioxide production workers (iARC 2B). See aiso p 98. 0,5 mg/m (as Sb) 50 mg/m (as Sb) 3 0 1 (SbCIs) 4 0 1 (SbFs) The metal is sliver-white ahd has a very low vapor pressure, Some ohioride salts release HCI upon contact with air. 

Measurements were made of the saturation vapor pressure of solid antimony and bismuth tellurides and of bismuth selenide. It was found that the evaporation of these compounds was of a dissociative nature, in accordance with the following equations... 

TABLE 2. Temperature Dependences of Total Vapor Pressures in Dissociative Evaporation of Antimony and Bismuth Chalcogenides... 

Our investigation shows that the vapor pressures of solid bismuth and antimony tellurides and of bismuth selenide are quite low. The working temperatures of thermoelements made of these substances do not exceed 700 C. Under such conditions, the evaporation of thermoelements should be of little significance, especially as the loss of matter from open surfaces occurs at a rate which is 6—65 times slower than the equilibrium rate of evaporation. The values of the evaporation coefficient (0.15-0.16) found in our study show that the evaporation process is fairly complex. This is supported by thermodynamic calculations, which demonstrate that the evaporation is of a dissociative nature. 

The dissociative evaporation of antimony telluride differs from the evaporation of bismuth selenide and telluride. The cause of this difference becomes obvious when we compare the molecular compositions of the metallic antimony and bismuth vapors. The principal component of the antimony vapor at temperatures and pressures corresponding to our measurements is... 

Measurements were made of the vapor pressures of solid antimony and bismuth tellurides and of solid bismuth selenide. 

Sublimation temperature, 0 1550 Melting point. C 6 Relative density (water-1) 5.5 Vapor pressure, mm Hg at 574 "C 0.99 Solubility in water, g/100 ml at 30 0.0014 Relative molecular mass 291.5 Qrossformula 03862 WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER On reduction with hydrogen gives off highly toxic gas (antimony hydride). ... 

Bolling point, C 1B3 Melting point, °C 114 Relative density (water=1) 4.93 Relative vapordensity(air 1) 8.6 Vapor pressure, mm Hg at 20 C 0.21 Solubiiityinwater.g/IOOmI 0.03 Relative molecular mass 2. 8 Qrossformula 1, DARK PURPLE CRYSTALS OR BLACK-GRAY FLAKES WTIH PUNGENT ODOR Vapor mixes readily with air. Reacts with anhydrous ammonia to form shock-sensitive compounds. Reacts violently wifo reducing agents, sulfur, antimony, alkali metals, metal powders and (Bosphorus, with risk of fire and explosion. ... 

BoHingpoint, C 176 Melting point, °C 8.5 Relativedensity (waters 1) 2.4 Relative vapor density (air 1) 5.1 Relative density at 20 C of saturated mixture vapor/air(air-1) 1.0 Vapor pressure, mm Hg at 35 C 0.99 Solubility in water reaction Relative molecular mass 165.9 Gross formula ClOSe COLORLESS OR YELLOW LIQUID Reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid. Reacts with air to form corrosive vapors (- hytkochloric ac/d). Reacts violently with phosphorus, antimony and alkali metals. ... 

Properties Wh. to It. yel. orthorhombic cryst. sol. in alcohol, benzene, ether, acetone, carbon disulfide, chloroform sol. 99 g/l in water insol. in pyridine, quinoline fumes in air m.w. 228.13 dens. 3.14 vapor pressure 1 mm Hg (49.2 C) m.p. 73 C b.p. 223.5 C ref. index 1.4600 Toxicology ACGIH TLV/TWA 0.5 mg (Sb)/m LD50 (oral, rat) 525 mg/kg mod. toxic by ing. human pulmonary effects by inh. irritant corrosive experimental reproductive effects mutation data reported TSCA listed Precaution DOT Corrosive material reacts violently with aluminum, potassium, sodium Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of chlorine and antimony... 

Decabromodiphenyl ether is a solid, melting at about 304-309°C, substantially insoluble in water, and with negligible vapor pressure. In contrast to the lower brominated diphenyl ethers, it has only rarely been found as an environmental pollutant and is low in toxicity. Risk studies conducted in the United States and the European Union (33,35) indicate a low degree of risk in the use of this flame retardant. It is the major flame retardant used in high impact polyst5Tene (HIPS) with antimony oxide, and has substantial use in polyolefin wire and cable as well as electrical parts made of other plastics such as polyamides and thermoplastic polyesters. 

Environmental Considerations. The halogenated flame retardants differ greatly in environmental contamination. As mentioned already, pentabro-modiphenyl ether has become widely dispersed, but decabromodiphenyl ether much less so due to its negligible solubility and vapor pressure. Antimony trioxide also is nonmigratory because of its very low solubility and negligible vapor pressure but nonetheless is under close scrutiny from the regulatory authorities (166,207). 

Many elements evaporate, but many such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg), arsenic (As), and carbon (C) sublime, and many others such as antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and titanium (Ti), are on the borderline between evaporation and sublimation. For example, chromium, which has a vapor pressure of 10 Torr 600°C below its melting point, is generally vaporized by sublimation. Carbon cannot be melted except under high hydrostatic pressure. Materials such as aluminum, tin, gallium, and lead have very low vapor pressures at temperatures above the points at which they are just-molten. For example, tin has a vapor pressure of lO Torr 1000°C above its melting point. Aluminum and lead have vapor pressures of 10 Torr at about 500°C above their melting points. 

---