Antimony telluride

Leimkiihler G, Kerkamm I, Reineke-Koch R (2002) Electrodeposition of antimony telluride. J Electrochem Soc 149 C474-C478... 

The ECALE synthesis of V-VI (V Sb, Bi) compounds has been attempted in a few works. Antimony telluride, Sb2Te3, nanofilms with a homogeneous microstructure and an average size of about 20 nm were formed epitaxially on a Pt substrate [61]. The optical band gap of these films was blue-shifted in comparison with that of the bulk single-crystal Sb2Tc3 compound. 

Antimony telluride films have been grown from antimony(III) and tellurium(IV) oxides.167 Antimony telluride films were stoichimetric and consisted of nanoscale particles of the size 100 nm. The films had a good crystallinity.167 Indium selenide films were grown from indium sulphate and selenium oxide precursors.168 The films consisted of large particles, 70 to 200 nm in diameter. The band gap was 1.73 eV.168... 

Antimony Pentasulfide. See under Sulfides Antimony Selenide. See under Selenides Antimony Sulfides. See under Sulfides Antimony Telluride, See under Tellurides Antimony Trichloride. See under Chlorides Antimony Triethyl. Same as Triethylstibine Antimony Trimethyl. Same as Trimethyl-stibine... 

Seebeck experimented with a number of metals including antimony, iron, zinc, silver, gold, lead, mercury, copper, platinum, and bismuth. Later, the observation was made that the electromotive force (EMF) generated is proportional to the temperature difference between the junctions. Today, TE couples are often made from semiconductor alloys of bismuth antimony telluride, Bi Sb2- cTe3 (x 0.5), that have been suitably doped to possess distinct n- or p-type characteristics. A practical TE cooler consists of one or more couples that are connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. 

In this study FGM samples were prepared to prove the enhancement in output characteristics by introducing compositionally graded structure. Through the study on a compositional dependence of thermoelectric properties, segmentation structure of y = 0.80 / 0.825 / 0.9 was selected where y indicated the antimony telluride fraction in (BijICj), (SbjTej) system. 

Antimony Telluride, Sb.2Tej.—This is obtained by fusing antimony and tellurium together in proper proportion. It melts at 595° and is a solvent for metallic antimony. 

Our calculations based on Gorbov s method were successful only in the case of the dissociative evaporation of bismuth telluride we found that the two curves in question intersected at a point corresponding to 2.5 moles (ofsiTe = 0). Thus, calculations based on Gorbov s method gave the same result as the comparison of the standaird heats of formation (Fig. 1). In the case of antimony telluride, the two curves were practically coincident so that it was impossible to determine the point of intersection. The corresponding curves of bismuth selenide were not plotted because we would have had to use the values of AS deduced from the second law of thermod3mamics. Such values are not reliable because (as already mentioned) the slope of the straight line log = / (1/ T) is distorted somewhat by the thermal dissociation of bismuth selenide, which occurs in parallel with the dissociative evaporation. 

Our investigation shows that the vapor pressures of solid bismuth and antimony tellurides and of bismuth selenide are quite low. The working temperatures of thermoelements made of these substances do not exceed 700 C. Under such conditions, the evaporation of thermoelements should be of little significance, especially as the loss of matter from open surfaces occurs at a rate which is 6—65 times slower than the equilibrium rate of evaporation. The values of the evaporation coefficient (0.15-0.16) found in our study show that the evaporation process is fairly complex. This is supported by thermodynamic calculations, which demonstrate that the evaporation is of a dissociative nature. 

The dissociative evaporation of antimony telluride differs from the evaporation of bismuth selenide and telluride. The cause of this difference becomes obvious when we compare the molecular compositions of the metallic antimony and bismuth vapors. The principal component of the antimony vapor at temperatures and pressures corresponding to our measurements is... 

The mechanism of evaporation of antimony telluride differed from the mechanisms found for the other two chalcogenides. This difference was attributed to the high stability of the molecules of the gaseous Sb4 molecules. 

Trivalent bismuth and antimony tellurides and selenides are the most interesting among the compounds formed in the Bi-Te, Bi—Se, Sb—Te, and Sb—Se systems [1—4]. Solid solutions of these compounds are used widely as thermoelectric materials. 

The thermodynamic properties of the higher bismuth and antimony tellurides and selenides have been investigated by many authors but the results are contradictory. 

The purpose of our study was to determine the thermod3mamic properties of bismuth and antimony tellurides and selenides by the emf method. 

The electrolyte in the measurements of the thermodynamic properties of bismuth sele-nide and telluride and of antimony telluride was the easily melted mixture of anhydrous zinc chloride (analytic purity) with sodium and potassium chlorides (chemical purity grade). The melting point of this mixture was Tmp — 208 C. The thermodynamic properties of antimony selenide were determined using a mixture of aluminum chloride (distilled twice in vacuum) and sodium chloride (chemical purity grade). The meltii point of this mixture was Tmp = 150-155°C. 

TABLE 2. Thermodynamic Properties of Higher Bismuth and Antimony Tellurides and Selenides... 

It follows from Tables 2 and 3 that the thermodynamic properties obtained in our investigation were in good agreement with those deduced using a solution calorimeter (the solvent was liquid bismuth at T = 623°K) [7] and with the values reported in [5] for bismuth and antimony tellurides, deduced by the emf method in the 643—683 K range. 

B Poudel et al. . HigBeh-Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured Bismuth Antimony Telluride Bulk Alloys, Science express, published on line 20 March 2008 10.1126/science 1156446. ... 

Nitrile based polymers Iron, Arsenic, Tellurium, Germanium. Lead telluride (PbTe) Lead selenide (PbSe) Cadmium selenide (CdSe) Cadmium telluride (CdTe) Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) Antimony Telluride (Sb2Te3) Cuioo/CU57Ni43... 

Zhu W, Yang JY, Zhou DX, Xiao CJ, Duan XK (2008) Development of growth cycle for antimony telluride film on Au(lll) disk by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. Electrochim Acta 53(10) 3579-3586... 

Kovalenko, M. V., Spokoyny, B., Lee, J. S., Scheele, M., Weber, A., Perera, S., et al. (2010). Semiconductor nanocrystals functionalized with antimony telluride zintl ions for nanostmctured thermoelectrics. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 6686-6695. 

P. Delavignette and S. Amelinckx, Large dislocation loops in antimony telluride, Phil. Mag. 6, 601 (1961). 

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