Antimony smelting

Antimony spots are temporary pustular skin eruptions that afflict workers exposed to antimony compounds. Prolonged or acute exposure results in the build up of antimony in the tissues, especially in liver, kidney, adrenals and thyroid. Antimony(III) is considered to be more toxic than antimony(V) because it is relatively slowly excreted. Long term exposures (up to 28 years) have resulted in pneumoconiosis and emphysema, but even after a few months exposure (5-10 mg m-3) to fumes from antimony smelting pathological symptoms were observed, e.g. rhinitis, pharyngitis and tracheitis.174... 

Tsunashiro, Wada, On Antimony Smelting, The Mining Industry of... 

Fantrat, G., Notes on Antimony Smelting, Eng. and Min. Jowm., Sept. 14, 1907. Abs. from Beeue de ehimie industridU, March 1907. 

Wang, 0. X., The Herrenschmidt Process of Antimony Smelting, 7%e Mining Journal, London, July 190<. 

Throughout surveying the current antimony smelting industry in China, more than 95% of antimony was produced by hydrometallurgy process. Stibnite and antimony-gold ore are treated by the process of volatilization smelting in blast fiimace, and most of antimony is... 

Yongjun Dai, Sustainable Development on Antimony Smelting Production of China, (Paper presented at the Symposia on Development Strategy of Chinese Nonferrous Metals... 

Jiacai Ou, Defects and Solutions of Jamesonite Smelting Process, (Paper presented at the 8 Technical Exchange Meeting of Tin and Antimony Smelting Process in China,... 

The lead-bearing components ate released from the case and other nordead-containing parts, followed by the smelting of the battery plates, and refinement to pure lead or specification alloys. The trend toward battery grid alloys having Httle or no antimony, increases the abiHty of a recovery process to produce soft lead (refined). As requited in the production of primary lead, each step in the secondary operations must meet the environmental standards for lead concentration in ait (see Air pollution Lead compounds, industrial toxicology). 

Many nonferrous metals can be extracted by reduction smelting, eg, copper, tin, nickel, cobalt, silver, antimony, and bismuth. Blast furnaces are sometimes used for the smelting of copper or tin, but flash and reverberatory furnaces are more common for metals other than lead. 

By-Product and Secondary Antimony. Antimony is often found associated with lead ores. The smelting and refining of these ores yield antimony-hearing flue, baghouse, and CottreH dusts, drosses, and slags. These materials may be treated to recover elemental antimony or antimonial lead from which antimony oxide or sodium antimonate may be produced. 

The washed slime is dried and melted to produce slag and metal. The slag is usually purified by selective reduction and smelted to produce antimonial lead. The metal is treated ia the molten state by selective oxidation for the removal of arsenic, antimony, and some of the lead. It is then transferred to a cupel furnace, where the oxidation is continued until only the silver—gold alloy (dorn) remains. The bismuth-rich cupel slags are cmshed, mixed with a small amount of sulfur, and reduced with carbon to a copper matte and impure bismuth metal the latter is transferred to the bismuth refining plant. 

Roh-alkohol, m. crude (or raw) alcohoL -analyse, /. rough or approximate analysis, -antimon, n. crude antimony, -arbeit, /, (Metal.) ore smelting, -asbest, m. crude asbestos. -aufbereitung, /. preliminary preparation, -benzol, n. crude benzene, benzol (or benzole), -blei, n. crude lead, -blende, /. (Mining) crude blende, -block,... 

Speisses These are alloys of heavy metals like iron, cobalt and nickel with arsenic and antimony, occasionally also with tin. Lead smelting typically yields this complex source... 

Copper smelting Copper concentrate, siliceous flux Sulfur dioxide, particulate matter containing arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc Acid plant blowdown slurry/sludge, slag containing iron sulfides, silica... 

---