Antimony complexes tartaric acid

In the presence of antimony and tartaric acid tin dissolves readily in nitric acid (induced dissolution) because of complex formation. If larger amounts of iron are present, the formation of metastannic acid is again prevented. 

Summary of the Method. The sample is digested with concentrated sulfuric acid until most of the sulfuric acid is removed and a carbonaceous residue remains. The sample is then placed in a muffle furnace to destroy the carbonaceous material. Hydrochloric acid and hydroxyl-amine hydrochloride are added to dissolve the inorganic residue and reduce antimony(V) and antimony(IV) to antimony (III). Tartaric acid is then added to complex antimony (III), and the solution is evaporated to a small volume. The antimony content of this solution is determined by heated vaporization atomic absorption using the method of standard additions. 

A similar procedure may also be used for the determination of antimony(V), whilst antimony (III) may be determined like arsenic(III) by direct titration with standard iodine solution (Section 10.113), but in the antimony titration it is necessary to include some tartaric acid in the solution this acts as complexing agent and prevents precipitation of antimony as hydroxide or as basic salt in alkaline solution. On the whole, however, the most satisfactory method for determining antimony is by titration with potassium bromate (Section 10.133). 

Electrodeposition of antimony sesquitelluride, Sb2Tc3, or of (Bii xSbx)2Te3 alloys from aqueous solutions is challenging because it is difficult to achieve a sufficiently high concentration of antimony. Complexing agents such as tartaric acid, citric acid, or FUTA have been used to solubilize Sb in water. 

Antimony sulphide deposition onto metallic substrates, together with PbS and Cu-S, was first reported in the original paper of Puscher [1] using thiosulphate and antimony tartrate. No characterization of this film was carried out nor properties given. The same method was also described recently, in 1931, using a number of different metals as substrates [2], It was noted that SbCls, when mixed with thiosulphate, reacted too rapidly, hence the use of the tartrate (tartaric acid is a complexant). Again, no characterization of the films was made. 

The complex of tartaric acid and antimony (emetic) was described three centuries ago. Nevertheless, the structure of this compound has been elucidated these last fifteen years by X-ray diffraction ( 1 ). In fact, emetic presents a binuclear cyclic structure. Many authors mentioned similar complex with transition metals (vanadium (2), chromium (3)) or metalloids (arsenic (4), bismuth (5)). Emetic with phosphorus was not mentioned. Nevertheless, tartaric acid or alkyl tartrates has been utilized in phosphorus chemistry tartaric acid reacts with trialkyl phosphites giving heterocyclic phosphites (6). Starting from alkyl tartrates, we prepared spirophosphoranes with a P-H bond and sixco-ordinated compounds (7). With unprotected tartaric acid, many possibilities appear condensation as a diol, as a di(oc-hydro-xyacid), or even as a 8-hydroxyacid. 

Antimony. Antimony dust has been analyzed colorimetrically by formation of a Rhodamine-B complex, 565 nm (Table I ). Both P CAM 173 (5) and S-2 (11) provide AAS methods for antimony. Whereas the former method recommends 5 1 nitric sulfuric acid digestion, the latter uses only 2-ml nitric acid at 140°C followed by 2 ml of 6 N hydrochloric acid. Either the nitric/sulfuric acids (10% and 5% v/v) or a 10% tartaric acid (11) matrix may be used for the analyte solution. Although the normal analytical wavelength is 217.6 nm, when 10,000 ppm Pb or 1000 ppm Ca are present in the final solution, then the 231.2 nm analtyical line should be used. A new method for antimony has been developed by NI0SH and will be published in volume four of the methods manual. 

The fastness of basic dyes can be improved by after-treatment with tannic acid, in order to convert the dyestuff into its comparatively insoluble tannic acid salt. The wet-fastness is further improved by the action of an antimony salt which forms an even more insoluble dye-tannic acid-antimony complex. The most convenient antimony compound to use is tartar emetic , w hich is a popular name for potassium antimony tartrate, 2(K(Sb0).C4H40g).H20. The treatment is carried out in the following manner the dyed goods are worked in a bath containing 1 per cent of... 

Antimony(ni) is titrated to antimony(V) in neutral or slightly alkaline solution with iodine to a blue starch end point. The iodine is standardized against primary standard arsenic(in) oxide. Tartaric acid is added to complex the antimony and prevent its hydrolysis to form insoluble basic salts such as SbOCl and Sb02Cl (which form in slightly acid and neutral solution). 

Phosphorus is analyzed by atomic absorption and ICP emission spectrometry and neutron activation techniques. The total phosphorus contents can be estimated colorimetrically by classical wet methods (American Public Health Association... 1995). Phosphorus is oxidized to orthophosphate by digesting with potassium persulfate. The solution is treated with ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartarate in an acid medium to form an antimony-phosphomolybdate complex that is reduced by ascorbic acid to form a deep blue coloration, the intensity of which is proportional to the concentration of phosphorus. The absorbance is measmed at 650 nm by a spectrophotometer. Alternatively, it can be analyzed colorimetrically by an autoanalyzer (Technicon model). 

Karsten, Kies, and IFalraven have used 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-benzeno-arsonic acid to determine small amounts (0.1-0,2 mg) of tin turbidimetri-cally in the presence of a thousand times as much antimony. Measurements were carried out in 1.65M H2SO. solutions in which antimony was complexed with tartaric acid. 

Antimony.—Measurements of the H and C n.m.r. spectra of compounds of the type ArgSb show" them to be fluxional, even at -130 °C. The rate constants for chlorine-bromine exchange in MenPha-nSbLX have been measured, where X = C1 or Br and L is the 8-hydroxyquinolate ligand or substituted derivatives thereof. An associative mechanism involving an intermediate in which the antimony atoms are bridged by both chloride and bromide is proposed. " The formation and hydrolysis of complexes between [Sb(OH)6] and pyrocatechol or tartaric acid have been studied." An 5 nI mechanism for the formation reaction is favoured. 

Bismuth hydroxide is soluble in alkaline solutions of citric and tartaric acids and of mannitol and glycerol. The structure of these complexes would be similar to that of the complexes obtained with antimony in the same conditions. These complexes, treated by alkaline sulfides, generate the black precipitate of bismuth sulfide Bi2S3. 

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