Antimicrobials microorganisms

Other Properties. Polyester fibers have good resistance to uv radiation although prolonged exposure weakens the fibers (47,51). PET is not affected by iasects or microorganisms and can be designed to kill bacteria by the iacorporation of antimicrobial agents (19). The oleophilic surface of PET fibers attracts and holds oils. Other PET fiber properties can be found ia the Hterature (47,49). 

Contraction in the number of EPA-allowed biocides has heightened efforts to develop naturally derived preservatives and microorganisms capable of countering microbial degradation. Neem oil A. dirachta indica seed extract) has been featured as an exceptional natural candidate for the preservation of cosmetic products. Naturally derived chemicals with antimicrobial properties have been used since antiquity as preservatives. However, displacement of successhil synthetic products by natural products in preservatives of any category remains to be witnessed. 

Antimicrobials. In slightly alkaline aqueous solutions, nitro alcohols are useful for the control of microorganisms, eg, in cutting fluids, cooling towers, oil-field flooding, drilling muds, etc (8—15) (see INDUSTRIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Petroleum). However, only... 

Antimicrobial agents refers to all chemical and physical agents used to combat microorganisms. 

Biocide is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. 

A.ntibiotic is an organic chemical substance produced by microorganisms that has the capacity in low concentration to selectively destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms without injuring the host cells. It may be adrninistered systemicaHy and be an antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agent. 

Inorganic Acids. Strong inorganic acids have little antimicrobial activity in themselves but inhibit microorganism growth by lowering the pH. Disinfectant toilet bowl cleaners that contain 9.5% HCl or more are antimicrobial. Carbonic acid [463-79-6] in soft drinks provides some antibacterial preservation. Sulfurous acid [7782-99-2] is an effective preservative used to preserve wines (see Wine), fmit juices (qv), and dried fmits. 

A patientpreoperative skin preparation is a fast-acting broad-spectmm antimicrobial-containing preparation that significantly reduces the number of microorganisms on intact skin. 

A skin woundprotectant is a nonirritating antimicrobial-containing preparation appHed to small cleansed wounds it provides a protective physical barrier and a chemical (antimicrobial) barrier that neither delays healing nor favors the growth of microorganisms. 

An antimicrobial soap is a soap containing an active ingredient with both in vitro and in vivo activity against skin microorganisms. 

Originally, the term antibiotics referred to substances produced by microorganisms that suppressed the growth of other organisms. Today, the term antibiotics often includes synthetic antimicrobial agents. 

Antimicrobial drugs are used for the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms (bacterial or viral infections). 

When examining this kind of data, one reahzes how difficult is to make general statements on the effects of chitosans on the cells another example is the antimicrobial effect of chitosans that varies with molecular size, degree of substitution and other parameters depending on the particular microorganism considered. 

The activity of diamidines is reduced by acid pH and in the presence of blood and serum. Microorganisms may acquire resistance by serial subculture in the presence of increasing doses of the compounds. Propamidine and dibromopropamidine, as the isethionate salts, are the major diamidine derivatives employed as antimicrobial agents propamidine in the form of eye-drops (0.1%) for amoebic infection and dibromopropamidine for topical treatment of minor infections. 

Very occasionally a combination of antimicrobial agents exhibits synergy. Synergy is measured against a single microorganism and is exhibited when a combination of two compounds exerts a greater inhibitory effect than could be expected from a simple additive effect of the two compounds in the mixture. 

The body possesses a number of non-specific antimicrobial systems which are operative at all times against potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Prior contact with the infectious agent has no intrinsic effect on these systems. 

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