Antimicrobial resistance mechanism

Poole, K, (2007) Efflux pumps as antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Annals of Medicine, 39 (3), 162-176. 

Woods, C. R. Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and strategies. Paediatr. Respir. Rev. 2006, 7(Suppl. 1), S128-S129. 

This chapter (1) presents examples of the more common antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, (2) highlights general concepts of antimicrobial therapy, (3) discusses emerging strategies to optimize antibiotic use, and (4) re-... 

Tikofsky, L.L., Barlow, J.W., Santisteban, C. and Schukken, Y.H. 2003. A comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Staphylococcus aureus in organic and conventional dairy herds. Microbial Drug Resistance-Mechanisms Epidemiology and Disease 9 S39-S45. 

Spontaneous mutation brings about organisms with novel antibiotic resistance mechanisms. If these cells are viable, in the presence of the antimicrobial agent selective multiplication of the resistant strain occurs so that it eventually dominates as above. 

Moreover, the combination of more than two compounds may be superior to the use of a single antimicrobial compound in order to enhance and broaden the total biological activity. More importantly, it may hinder the development of resistant mechanisms in microorganisms. 

Cloete, T.E. 2003. Resistance mechanisms of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 51 277-282. 

Mirels, L.F., and Stevens, D.A. (2002) Resistance mechanisms in dinical isolates of Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46, 1704-1713. 

Mann, P.A., and Perlin, D.S. (2003) Multiple resistance mechanisms among Aspergillus fumigatus mutants with high-level resistance to itraconazole. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 47, 1719-1726. 

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat worldwide, especially within hospitals harboring critically ill patients who are less able to fight off infections without the help of antibiotics. Resistance mechanisms have been found for every class of antibiotic agent and the search for new antibiotics effective against various multiresistant germs is probably one of the most difficult challenges of medicinal chemistry for the next decade. Development of new classes of antibiotics or more robust versions of old classes will be essential for the future. °... 

National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), FDA. 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, U.S.A. URL http //www.fda. gov/nctr/index.html. Mission Statement includes fundamental and applied research specifically designed to define biological mechanisms of action underlying the toxicity of products regulated by the FDA. Covers food safety, bioterrorism, biotechnology, information technology, fundamental and applied research, premarket activities, antimicrobial resistance, and HIV/AIDS. 

---