Antimicrobial agents macrolides

Therefore, despite the 18% and 25% resistance to penicillin and macrolides, the clinical failure rate is less than this. Owing to the empirical treatment of CAP in the outpatient setting, establishing a meaningful clinical failure rate with any therapy is difficult to do. No studies have been performed that established a correlation between clinical failure rates with a particular antimicrobial agent and the percentage of resistant bacterial pathogens. 

Antimicrobial agents as well as macrolide antibiotics and fluoroquinolones used in human and veterinary medicine are of particular interest due to their potential for... 

Alvarez-Elleoro S and Enzler MJ. Symposium on antimicrobial agents Part IX. The macrolides Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin. Mayo CUn Proc 1999 74 613-634. 

Kasten MJ. Symposium on antimicrobial agents Part XL The macrolides Clindamycin, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol. Mayo Clin Proc 1999 74 825-833. 

Retsema J. and W. Fu (2001). Macrolides Structures and microbial targets. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 18 S3-S10. 

In this chapter, the latest applications published in the literature from 1994 to 1998 are reviewed. The following groups of antimicrobial agents are discussed tetracyclines, penicillins, poiyethers, aminoglycosides, macrolides, amphenicols, nitrofurans, sulphonamides, quinolones and other antimicrobials. 

Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, et al. Inhibition of triazolam clearance by macrolide antimicrobial agents in vitro correlates and dynamic consequences. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998 64 278-285. 

Antimicrobial action usually depends on the inhibition of biochemical events that exist in or are essential to the bacterial pathogen but not the host animal. Unfortunately, the action of antimicrobial agents is not selective for pathogenic microorganisms and the balance between the commensal flora can be seriously disturbed, particularly in the colon of horses (macrolides, lincosamides and, paren ter ally administered doxycycline). 

Inhibition of protein synthesis through an action on certain subunits of microbial ribosomes (aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chlorampenicol and its derivatives, macrolides and lincosamides). Each class of antimicrobial agent attaches to a different receptor site apart from macrolides and lincosamides, which bind to the same site on the 50S subunit of the microbial ribosome. 

The chemical nature and related physicochemical properties largely govern the distribution and elimination, which refers to biotransformation (metabolism) and excretion, of antimicrobial agents. The majority of antimicrobial agents are weak organic electrolytes, either weak acids (penicillins, cephalosporins, sulphonamides) or weak bases (aminoglycosides, lincosamides, macrolides, diaminopyrimidines, metronidazole), while fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and rifampin are amphoteric compounds, and chloramphenicol and its... 

Erythromycin estolate in conjunction with rifampin (both drugs administered orally) can be recommended for the treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Early diagnosis of the infection and prompt initiation of therapy considerably increase the effectiveness of treatment. Apart from this specific indication, macrolide antibiotics (including erythromycin) and lincosamides (lincomycin and clindamycin) are contra-indicated in horses. Antimicrobial agents in these classes can cause severe disturbance of the balance between commensal bacterial flora in the colon of the horse. 

Burak, E., Bortolon, E., Franceschi, F., Gould, T., Jing, H., Johnson, G., Kanyo, Z., Molstad, D., Wu, Y., Duffy, E., Enhanced macrolides Optimized molecular properties for oral exposure, in 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotheraphy, San Francisco, CA, 2009. 

The ability of bacteriostatic antimicrobial agents to eradicate infections is reliant on host immune function and a postantibiotic effect. Examples include chndamycin, macrolides, and tetracyclines. ... 

McDaniel R, Katz L (2001). Genetic engineering of novel macrolide antibiotics. In Lohner K (ed.), Development of Novel Antimicrobial Agents Emerging Strategies. Horizon Scientific Press Norwich, U.K., pp. 45-60. 

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