Antimicrobial activities alkaloids

Verpoorte, R., Ruigrok, C. L. M. and Baerheim Svendsen, A. 1982. Medicinal plants of Suriname. Antimicrobial active alkaloids from Aspidosperma marcgra-vianum. Planta Medica, 46 149-152. 

Van Beek, T. A., Verpoorte, R., Baerheim Svendsen, A. and Fokkens, R. 1985. Antimicrobially active alkaloids from Tabernaemontana chippi. Journal of Natural Products, 48 400 23. 

Van Beek TA, Verpoorte R, Baerheim Svendsen A, Fokkens R. Antimicrobially active alkaloids from Tabemaemontana chippi. J Nat Prod 1985 48 400-23. 

Verpoorte R, Kos-Kuick E, Tsin a Tsoi A, Ruigrok CLM, de Jong G, Baerheim Svendsen A. Medicinal plants of Suriname. 111. Antimicrobially active alkaloids from Aspidosperma marcgravianum. Planta Med 1983 48 283-9. 

It is noteworthy that most of the quinolin/ones alkaloids which show high antimicrobial activity are of the 2-alkylquinolin-4(lH)-one type, suggesting that the species cited in Tables 11 and XI should be accorded high priority with respect to further investigation for antimicrobially active alkaloids. 

Extraction and Separation of Alkaloids - The air-dried ground heart-wood (2.2 kg) was extracted by percolation at room temperature with alcohol USP until a negative alkaloid test of the percolate was observed. Removal of the solvent at reduced pressure and at 40° left 71 g of residue that exhibited antimicrobial activity. A 35 g sample of the alcohol-soluble residue was partitioned between 125 ml each of ether and 2Z citric acid In water. The ether layer was extracted twice more with 125 ml of 2% citric acid, filtered to remove some lnterfaclal solids (5.8 g alkaloid negative, no antimicrobial activity), dried (sodium sulfate), and evaporated to dryness, giving 8.6 g of ether solubles that had no antimicrobial activity. 

The active chloroform-soluble residue (6.2 g) was separated into tertiary phenolic and nonphenolic fractions by dissolving the residue in 250 ml of chloroform and extracting three times each with 250 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide solution. After drying, the chloroform solution was evaporated to leave 4.7 g of tertiary nonphenolic alkaloids that possessed all of the antimicrobial activity. 

Quinoline alkaloids from the Rutaceae family (a = L-anthranilic acid) show antimicrobial activity. Moreover, quinoline alkaloids of the Haplophyllum species are known for their powerful biological properties. For example, skim-mianine has sedative, hypothermic and antidiuretic uses. Haplophyllidine is a strong depressant of the CNS. 

Key words alkaloids, antimicrobial activity, anti-parasitic activity, biology, cytotoxicity, DNA, endogenous security mechanism, estrogenic effect, evolution, genes, haemoglobinization, immune system, inhibitor, locoism, narcotics, regulation, stimulator... 

It is necessary to mention that the antimicrobial activity of alkaloids has been studied relatively extensively even during the... 

Rahman, M. M. and Gray, A. I. 2005. A benzoisofuranone derivative and carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii and their antimicrobial activity. Phytochemistry, 66 1601-1606. 

Morel, A. F., Maldaner, G., Ilha, V., Missau, F., Silva, U. F. and Dalcol, 1.1. 2005. Cyclopeptide alkaloids from Scutia buxifolia reiss and their antimicrobial activity. Phytochemistry, 66 2571-2576. 

Wolters, B. 1970. Antimicrobial activity of Veratrum alkaloids. Planta Medica, 19 189-193. 

Mitscher, L. A., Juvarkar, J. V. and Beal, J. L. 1976. Solacassine, a new steroidal alkaloid from Solanum pseudocapsicum possessing antimicrobial activity. Experi-entia, 76 415 16. 

Miyakado, M., Kato, T., Ohno, N. and Koshimuzi, K. 1975. Alkaloids of Urginea altissima and their antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora capsid. Phytochemistry, 14 2717. 

Wu, W. N., Beal, J. L. and Doskotch, R. W. 1977. Alkaloids of Thalictrum. XXII. Isolation of alkaloids with hypotensive and antimicrobial activity from Thalictrum revoltum. Lloydia, 40 508-514. 

The sulfur-containing (3-carboline alkaloid, 1-ethyl-4-methyl-sulfone-P-carboline (2) was isolated from the New Zealand bryozoan Cribricellina cribraria, along with several other (3-carboline alkaloids. l-Ethyl-4-methyl-sulfone-P-carboline (2) exhibited only modest antimicrobial activity, especially compared to some of the other alkaloids isolated, which were both cytotoxic and antimicrobial [27]. 

A series of tricyclic indole alkaloids (physostigmine alkaloids) has been obtained from the cheilostome bryozoan Flustrafoliacea (90). In addition, flustramide B (83) and flustrarine B (84) were isolated from this bryozoan (91). Flustrarine B (84) was prepared from previously known fiustramine B (85) (92) via oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Five fiustramine derivatives, dihydroflustramine C (86) and its N-oxide (87), fiustramine D (88) and its N-oxide (89), and isoflustramine D (90), were isolated from the methylene chloride fraction of the aqueous methanol extract of a Canadian F. foliacea, and these alkaloids were found to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the extract (93). Oxidation of dihydroflustramine C (86) and fiustramine D (88) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid afforded the corresponding A-oxides (87 and 88, respectively). 

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