Murraya koenigii carbazole alkaloid from

Dineshkumar B, Mitra A, Mahadevappa M. (2010) Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of mahanimbine (carbazole alkaloid) from Murraya koenigii (rutaceae) leaves. Int J Phytomed 2 22-30. 

Rahman, M. M. and Gray, A. I. 2005. A benzoisofuranone derivative and carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii and their antimicrobial activity. Phytochemistry, 66 1601-1606. 

Biologically active carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 47 444 47. 

Bhattacharyya, P., Jash, S.S. and Chowdhury, B.K. (1 986) A biogenetically important carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Chemistry and Industry 7, 246. 

Chakraborty, D.P., Bhattacharyya, P., Roy, S., Bhattacharyya, S.P. and Biswas, A.K. (1978) Structure and synthesis of mukonine, a new carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii [stem bark]. Phytochemistry 17, 834-835. 

Chowdhury, B.K., Jha, S., Bhattacharyya, P. and Mukherjee, J. (2001) Two new carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii. Indian Journal of Chemistry Section-B 40(6), 490 494. 

Fiebig, M., Pezzuto, J.M., Soejarto, D.D. and Kinghorn, A.D. (1 985) Koenoline, a further cytotoxic carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii. Phytochemistry 24, 3041-3043. 

Mukherjee, M., Mukherjee, S., Shaw, A.K. and Ganguly, S.N. (1983) Mukonicine, a carbazole alkaloid from leaves of Murraya koenigii. Phytochemistry 22, 2328-2329. 

Nutan, M.T.H., Hasan, C.M. and Rashid, M.A. (1999) Bismurrayafoline E a new dimeric carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii. Fitoterapia 70(2), 130-133. 

Ramsewak, R.S., Nair, M.G., Strasburg, G.M., DeWitt, D.L. and Nitiss, J.L. (1999) Biologically active carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 444-447. 

Reisch, J., Adebajo, A.C., Kumar, V. and Aladesanmi, A.J. (1994b) Two carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii. Phytochemistry 36, 1073-1076. 

Sukari, M.A., Ahmad, K., Aimi, N., Kitajima, M., Rahmani, M., Lian, G.E.C. and Ahmad, F.H. (2001) Carbazole alkaloids from stem bark of Murraya koenigii. ACGA Chemical Research Communications 13, 2-8. 

Chackraborty M, Saha S, Mukhapadhyay S. Murrayakoeninol—A new carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii (liim) Spreng. Nat Prod Commun 2009 4(3) 355-8. 

Mandal S, Nayak A, Banerjee SK, Banrji J, Banerji A. A new carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii Spreng (Rutaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2008 3(10) 1679-82. 

Bhattacharyya, L., S. Roy, S. Chatterjee, and D.P. Chakraborty Murraya-zolinol— A Minor Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koenigii Spreng. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 66, 140 (1989)... 

The dimeric carbazole alkaloids often occur along with the corresponding monomeric carbazoles in terrestrial plants [7,62] (Scheme 7). Clausenamine-A was obtained by Wu from the stem bark of Clausena excavata [63]. Clausen-amine-A and its synthetic analogs, like bis(O-demethylmurrayafoline-A), show cytotoxic activities against diverse human cancer cell lines [64] and exhibit moderate antimalarial activity [65,66]. Furukawa isolated l,r-bis(2-hy-droxy-3-methylcarbazole) and bismurrayaquinone-A, the first dimeric car-bazolequinone alkaloid found in nature, from Murraya koenigii [67]. 

Dineshkumar et al. investigated the antidiabetic efficacy of mahan-imbine (33), a carbazole alkaloid isolated from Murraya koenigii... 

Recently, Tripathi et al. reported a new pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloid, 7-isovaleryl-oxy-8-methoxygirinimbine (1569) from the leaves of Murraya koenigii (896) (Scheme 6.2). 

Ito, C., Itoigawa, M., Nakao, K., Murata, T., Tsuboi, M., Kaneda, N. and Furukawa, H. (2006) Induction of apoptosis by carbazole alkaloids isolated from Murraya koenigii. Phytomedicine 1 3, 359-365. 

Carbazole alkaloids isolated from Murraya species include murrayamines O 137 and P 138 with a cannabinoid moiety from the root barks of Murraya euchrestifolia <1995TL5385> and the dimeric bismurrayafoline E 139 from Murraya koenigii <1999MI130>. 

A large number of 2-oxygenated carbazoles has been isolated from natural sources [18, 20]. Mukonidine (149) and clausine L (O-methylmukonidine) (148) have been isolated by Wu et al. from the Chinese medicinal plant C. excavata [173]. 2-Methoxy-3-methylcarbazole (146) was obtained first from the seeds of the Indian medicinal plant Murraya koenigii by Bhattacharyya and co-workers [174]. The isolation of O-methylmukonal (147) was reported by Lange et al. from M. siamen-sis [112]. Two years later, Bhattacharyya found the same compound in the roots of G. pentaphylla and renamed it glycosinine (147) [175]. Clausine V (151), a 2,7-dioxygenated carbazole alkaloid, was extracted from the root bark of C. excavata by Wu and co-workers [116]. 

Carbazole alkaloids have been isolated from a few Rutaceae species, especially Murraya koenigii, the leaves of which have been used in southern India as a flavoring in food. Murrayanine, mukoeic acid, girinimbine, and mahanimbine have been isolated from the leaves. Carbazole alkaloids occur in all parts of this plant. 

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