Immunization antigen dose

Katare, Y. K., Muthukumaran, T., and Panda, A. K. (2005), Influence of particle size, antigen load, dose and additional adjuvant on the immune response from antigen loaded PLA microparticles, Int. J. Pharm., 301,149-160. 

Pneumococcal vaccines produced by different manufacturers are currently available, for example Pneumovax 23 produced by Merck Sharp Dohme and Pnu-Imune 23 produced by Lederle Laboratories. Each vaccine dose (0.5 ml) contains 25 pg of each polysaccharide antigen. Immunization is recommended for people who are at increased risk of developing pneumococcal disease because of underlying chronic health conditions and for older people. About 50% of vaccinees develop mild adverse effects, such as erythema and pain at the injection site. Fever, myalgia, and severe local reactions have been reported in under 1% of vaccinees. Severe systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis have been rarely reported. 

In summary, although numerous AhR-dependent changes in the bone marrow and thymus have been found in TCDD-treated mice, it appears that these effects are self-limiting in adult mice, as T and B cell numbers are not reduced in secondary lymphoid tissue except after exposure to high doses of TCDD or in the context of an adaptive immune response. More subtle effects, such as changes in the antigenic specificity of peripheral T and B lymphocyte populations, have not been documented. 

As mentioned above, the early studies of Kripke found that exposure to sub-carcinogenic doses of UV radiation suppresses the immune response of recipient mice and allows for the progressive growth of transplanted UV-induced regressor tumors.2 Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T lymphocytes78could transfer the immune suppression to normal syngeneic recipient mice. 

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