Antidotes atropine

Fig. 6 Concentration-time profile of antidotal atropine and its enantiomers S- and / -hyoscyamine in plasma of an in vivo swine study. Swine were topically exposed to the nerve agent VR (302 pg/ kg, t0) followed by administration of atropine sulphate (30 pg/kg) and the reactivating oxime HI 6 (12.8 mg/kg) via three i.m. injections into the rear leg at 30 (I), 180 (II) and 330 min (III). Blood samples were collected at distinct time points to generate EDTA plasma. Maximum concentrations were found 4 min after drug administration each. No differences of S- and R-Hyo concentrations were evident underlining similar elimination kinetics for both enantiomers. Data are mean and SD from duplicate measurement using the enantioselective LC-MS/MS approach of John et al. [47,49]. Black circles, total hyo grey circles, S-hyo grey triangles, R-hyo...

The overall treatment approach to nerve agent exposure focuses on airway and ventilatory support, aggressive use of antidotes (atropine and pralidoxime), prompt control of... 

If exposure is through ingestion, the victim should seek medical help immediately. Emesis should not be induced. Initial management involves establishment of adequate ventilation and maintenance of adequate respiratory function. Activated charcoal therapy may be used to retard absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Atropine sulfate alone, or in combination with pralidoxime chloride, can be administered as an antidote. Atropine is initially administered intravenously at a dosage of 1-2 mg kg every 5-10 min until... 

Atropine sulfate, in conjunction with pralidoxime (2-PAM), can be administered as an antidote. Atropine should be administered by intravenous injection. Intramuscular injection can be used if IV injection is not possible. Atropine dosage Adults 0.4-2.0 mg... 

First aid for ingestion victims would be to induce vomiting, keeping in mind the possibility of aspiration of solvents. Gastric decontamination should be performed within 30 min of ingestion, to be the most effective. Initial management of acute toxicity is the establishment and maintenance of adequate airway and ventilation. Atropine sulfate in conjunction with pralidoxime chloride can be administered as an antidote. Atropine by intravenous injection is the primary antidote in severe cases. Test injections of atropine (Img in adults and 0.15 mg kg in... 

Simmons, R. R., Caldwell, J. A., Stephens, R. L., Stone, L. W., Carter, D. J., Behar, I., et al. (1989). Effects of the chemical defense antidote atropine sulfate on helicopter pilot performance A simulator study (USAARL Tech. Rep. No. 89-17). Fort Rucker, AL U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. 

Table 6.3 Sites of Action on the Nerve Cells of Important Insecticides and the Antidote Atropine...

Soman at doses of 1.0 and 1.2 mg/kg inhibited spinal cord NTE (67 and 37% of control, respectively) in hens protected with the antidote, atropine. Tabun at a dose of 12 mg/kg decreased NTE activity (67% of control) in the spinal cord of protected hens. The inhibition of NTE activity in these studies were below threshold levels and suggested the inability of soman and tabun to cause OPIDN. Rats exposed to low-dose sarin (300 p,g/kg, p.o.) for 90 days significantly inhibited brain NTE activity (85% of control). " Crowell et al."° studied the effects of oral graded... 

Human Toxicity Ingestion may cause sialorrhea, lacrima-tion, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, miosis, bradycardia, circulatory collapse. May progress to convulsions, coma and death in a few hours. Antidote Atropine sulfate. 

Anticholinergic An agent or chemical that blocks or impedes the action of acetylcholine, such as the (also cholinolytic) antidote atropine. 

V. toxic if swallowed. Can cause convulsions, coma, death. LD50 (mus, ivn) 0.23 mg/kg. Antidote atropine sulfate. QG3325000 Chloride [2303-35-7]... 

The approved dose of p3uidostigmine bromide for soman pretreatment is one 30 mg tablet every 8h. The leaflet states that pyridostigmine should be started at least several hours before exposure to soman and emphasizes that it must be discontinued on exposure to nerve gas, at which point the antidotes atropine and pralidoxime are administered. 

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