Anticlastogenic

Chapter 11 Anticlastogenic and Antitoxic Actions Exerted by Humic Substances in Seedlings of Various Plants.281... 

The objective of this paper was to investigate the anticlastogenic and antitoxic effects exerted by HS of various origin and nature on several monocotyledon and dicotyledon herbaceous plant species treated with different mutagenic and phytotoxic compounds. 

Besides an anticlastogenic activity, some HS appear to possess also an antitoxic activity, i.e., they were able not only to suppress plant growth depression caused by MH and ALA, but also stimulate growth. Peat, leonardite and alluvial soil HS yielded the best results also for the antitoxic activity. 

Senesi N, Loffredo E (1999) The chemistry of soil organic matter. In Sparks DL (ed) Soil physical chemistry. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 239-370 Sujatha TV, Hegde MJ (1998) C-mitotic effects of Trichloroethylene (TCE) on bone marrow cells of mice. Mutat Res 413 151-158 Varanini Z, Pinton R (2001) Direct versus indirect effects of soil humic substances on plant growth and nutrition. In Pinton R, Varanini Z, Nannipieri P (eds) The rizosphere. Marcel Dekker, Basel, pp 141-158 Vijayalaxmi KK, Venu R (1999) In vivo anticlastogenic effects of L-ascorbic acid in mice. Mutat Res 438 47-51... 

DC053 Rauscher, R., R. Edenharder, and K. L. Platt. In vitro antimutagenic and in vivo anticlastogenic effects of carotenoids and solvent extracts from fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids. Mutat Res 1998 413(2) 129-142. 

Anticathartic. An agent that prevents evacuation of the bowels. Anticholesterolemic. Promoting a reduction in cholesterol levels in the blood. Anticlastogenic. Preventing disruption or breakage, as of chromosomes. Anticonvulsant. An agent that prevents or relieves convulsions or cramps. Anticrustacean. Antiparasitical an agent that prevents parasite infections or diseases caused by parasites. 

There is some evidence for the antimuta-genic effects of vanillin for example, in suppressing chromosomal damage induced by methotrexate in the Chinese hamster V79 cell line (Keshava et al, 1998). Inouye et al. (1988) reported the suppression of the induction of micronuclei by mitomycin C (MMC) in mouse bone marrow cells by post-treatment with vanillin. Post-treatment with vanillin at 500mg/kg caused about 50% decrease in the frequency of micronu-cleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCEs). The suppressant effect was not due to a delay in the formation of MN-PCEs but to the cytotoxic action of vanillin. Vanillin acts as an anticlastogenic factor in vivo. 

Pharmacologically, vanillin can accelerate bile secretion. Vanillin is capable of effectively minimizing methotrexate-induced chromosomal damage. Vanillin is an anticlastogenic agent it has also been demonstrated to inhibit gene mutations in both bacterial and mammalian cells. Vanillin enhances or suppresses chemical-induced cytotoxicity, mutations, and chromosome aberrations. 

When it was recognized that the clastogenic effect of this phorbol diester involved the release of superoxide, clastogenicity was suppressed and cell survival increased by concomitant incubation with Cu-Zn SOD [497-499]. Pretreatment with Cu-Zn SOD also reduced X-ray and phorbol diester promoted transformations and increased survival of culture hamster embryo cells [493, 500]. In still another study it was found that Cu-Zn SOD reduced transformation of lOTl/2 cells produced by concomitant X-ray irradiation and exposure to misonidazole, a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer [501]. These observations were most pronounced when Cu-Zn SOD was present during fixation and expression periods [502], consistent with the observation that Cu-Zn SOD protects DNA [503] and proteins [474] against ionizing radiation. Effective radiation protection as a result of superoxide removal does offer anticlastogenic activity as well. 

Jung, K.O. K.M. Kwang J.H. Kil Y.E. Lee K.Y Park. Increased antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effect of doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste) prepared with bamboo salt. FASEBJ. 2007, 21, A1078-A1078. 

Evaluation of the clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity of the carotenoid bixin in human lymphocyte cultures. Mutat. Res. 585(1-2) 113-119. 

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