Inherent Anticipation

A higher glycol yield (approximately 94%) than from the ethylene oxide process is anticipated. However, there are certain problems inherent in the Oxirane process such as corrosion caused hy acetic acid and the incomplete hydrolysis of the acetates. Also, the separation of the glycol from unhydrolyzed monoacetate is hard to accomplish. 

Given the important role that stcric and polar factors play in determining the rate and regiospecifieity of radical additions (see 2.3), it might be anticipated that reagents which coordinate with the propagating radical and/or the monomer and thereby modify the effective size, polarity, or inherent stability of that species, could alter the outcome of propagation. 

The second consideration, anticipated in Sect. 3.1, is that whereas Sm and Sc increase little with temperature (see Fig. 8) so that in the literature the temperature dependence of Gc and Gm is often approximated by straight lines, Sl varies moderately up to the glass transition temperature Tg but will increase substantially between Tg and the isotropization temperature. The behavior of Sl is due to the fact that, as the temperature increases, polymer chains are progressively more likely to bend sharply in the melt, whereas they are forced to remain straight in the mesophase and in crystals. The downward curvature of Gl in Fig. 8 shifts to lower temperatures with inherently more flexible chains. With very flexible polymers Tml becomes therefore smaller than the crystal-melting temperature Tcl and a stable mesophase cannot form. 

The purpose of this section is to anticipate and consider risks inherent in fluidization and also to summarize the more thoroughly documented and well-understood risks associated with the kinds of peripheral systems and facilities likely to be found in manufacturing plants using fluidization processes. 

Although most boats are produced via the open mold spray-up process, environmental pressures are mounting due to the high styrene monomer emissions that are inherent in open molding techniques. Closed molded techniques are beginning to be commercially practiced, and it is anticipated that these processes will replace the open mold process. 

A forced-choice detection method should be used to reduce the influence of variables that are inherent to sensory evaluation, such as anticipation, decision criteria, doubt and adaption, etc. 

Although firms sometimes do anticipate accidents and try to avoid them, the expenditures for adequate prevention have not been, and are not likely to be, invested without the right incentives. To the extent that the firm knows that the costs of maintenance and the inflexibility of traditional safety approaches are greater than using more reliable, inherently safer approaches, the firm may respond by changing its technology. 

Timing and Anticipation of Decisions to Adopt (or Develop) Inherent Safety... 

Another aspect of the time dimension of inherent safety concerns where in the life-cycle of the plant the decision to consider inherent safety arises [22]. It is generally acknowledged that the benefits of inherently safer technologies may persist throughout the life-cycle of a chemical process or plant. This is actually one of the reasons why anticipation of the need for inherent safety is so important being early can generate more benefits. 

We have described biocompatibility from two perspectives. First, we described a strategy that would intentionally cause a coagulation cascade. We touched briefly on the environmental stresses inherent in implantable devices and the work done by several researchers to minimize that effect by the use of an alternate polyol. When a strong resilient polymer is a requirement for an anticipated device, preventing the... 

All of the techniques developed were amenable to the analysis of the concentrated compounds in collection devices (traps). Because these compounds were expected to be present in neat form in the traps, it was not anticipated that the sample preparation aspect of the analysis would pose any difficulty (i.e., it was assumed that any adsorption to glass walls, etc., that might occur would affect only a proportionately very small amount of the collected sample). As discussed later, this situation did not prove to be the case for some of the compounds studied. In addition, the difficulties inherent in trapping trace quantities of organics in the effluent C02 stream were not obvious during the early stages of this program. 

Differences in the frictional properties of most plastics can be explained in terms of the ratio of shear strenghth to hardness. Shooter and Tabor observed that the coefficients of friction for polytetrafluoroethylene are 2—3 times lower than anticipated by this calculation. It is believed that this discrepancy is caused by the inherently low cohesive forces between adjacent polymer chains and is responsible for the absence of stick-slip. The large fluorine atoms effectively screen the large carbon-fluorine dipole, reducing molecular cohesion so that the shear force at the interface is low. The shear strength of the bulk material is higher because of interlocking molecular chains. 

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