Higher Glycols

Propylene oxide and carboxyUc acids ia equimolar ratios produce monoesters of propylene glycol. Higher ratios of oxide to acid produce polypropylene glycol monoesters. In the presence of basic catalysts these monoesters can undergo transesterification reactions that yield a product mixture of propylene glycols, monoesters, and diesters (57,60). 

The solubility of 17 common metal oxides in three ionic liquids based on choline chloride with urea, malonic acid, and ethylene glycol has been determined and compared with aqueous solutions of HCl and NaCl [20]. Details are presented in Table 5.1. The order of solubility was HCl > malonic acid > urea > NaCl > ethylene glycol. Higher solubility was observed with the more ionic oxides such as ZnO in... 

Production of Neopentyl Glycol Higher Yield by Internal Recycling [75], [103], [104]... 

Carboxylic acids and PO give a mixture that contains the monoesters of the primary and the secondary alcohol groups of PG. The monoesters may then react with additional acid to form the glycol diester. With a sufficient concentration of epoxide, the monoester may add PO to yield the ester of dipropylene glycol, higher poly(propylene glycols) and their esters, and the glycol diester. The esterification is catalyzed with sodium or potassium hydroxide, and anhydrous chromium... 

Direct Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol, Higher Diols, and Acetate Esters from CO/H2... 

Homolipids, which consist of fatty acids linked to various alcohols, are now categorised exclusively by the structure of the bound alcohol. The most common alcohol in natural lipids is glycerol. Rarely occurring alcohols are glycols, higher monohydric aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic and alicyclic terpenoid hydroxy compounds, such as xanthophylls (see Section 9.9.1.2), and various steroid compounds (see Section 3.7.4). 

Low-molecular-weight low-viscosity hydroxylated polyesters can be used for this purpose and can be formulated from glycols, higher polyols and poly basic acids. The HS fully alkylated amines fit well into this type of coating system because they have low molecular weight, are of moderate viscosity, carry little or no solvent and thus offer many advantages in HS formulations. 

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