1° antibody controls comparison

Figure 7.1 Comparing protein conformations by direct comparison of deuterium uptake curves. Shown here are two heavy-chain peptides from the antistreptavidin lgC2 antibody. Dashed lines represent the antibody with interchain disulfide bonds reduced, and the solid lines represent the native antibody (control). Each data point Is an average of two replicate analyses with standard deviation showing as the error bars. Most error bars are smaller than the size of marker points and thus not visible. Exchange time is on a logarithmic scale...

The results obtained with this approach are quite impressive. Large rate accelerations (kcat/kuncat = 3 X 104) were observed with the best of the catalysts. A comparison between the best catalyst and a catalytic antibody system designed for phosphomonoester hydrolysis is reported. The combinatorial derived system gives an observed rate constant that is five times larger than that reported for the antibody system. In a control experiment, it was determined that polymers with just one type of carboxylic acid attached did not have catalytic activity. It... 

A direct comparison of catalysis of olefin epoxidation with a homogeneous chemical catalyst (Mn salen), an enzyme (CPO), and an antibody resulted in sufficiently high enantioselectivity for all three catalysts, a higher turnover number for the enzyme, and a slightly higher substrate/catalyst ratio for the homogenous catalyst. Criteria for comparison should be quantitative and include catalyst lifetime as well as volumetric productivities, but have been found to depend on the different needs of laboratory synthetic chemists, who need a broadly specific catalyst quickly, versus those of process chemists, who often control catalyst availability and can allow narrow specificity (provided their substrate is accepted) but need high productivity. 

Hirsch FR, Dziadziuszko R, Thacher N, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry comparison of antibodies and cutoff points to predict benefit from gefitinib in a phase 3 placebo-controlled study in advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Cancer 2008 112 1114-21. 

In a controlled, cross-sectional comparison of 100 patients with mood disturbance who had taken lithium for at least 6 months and 100 psychiatrically normal controls, lithium did not increase the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity a minimally larger number of control subjects had antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (11 controls versus 7 patients with mood disorders) and anti-thyroglo-bulin antibodies (15 versus 8) (259). 

Fig. 3. FACScan analysis of C8166 cells. C8166 cells infected with HIV-1, 4 d postinfection, were stained with (A) control FITC-conjugated isotype antibody, (B) ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA), (C) HIV-specific anti-p24 FITC-con-jugated MAb, and (D) dual stained with EMA and anti-p24-FITC. Dual staining allows determination of the proportion of cells that are either live or dead or infected or uninfected and hence the proportion of cells that are both dead and infected, dead and uninfected, live and infected, or live and uninfected. Comparison of the proportion of cells that are dead/live/infected/uninfected with potential antiviral drug-treated and untreated cells will give an indication of whether the drug is selectively toxic for virus-infected cells or cytotoxic regardless of infection. Data were acquired on a Becton Dickinson FACScan and analyzed using WinMDI software.

Immunological alterations in the exposed offspring mainly included suppressed antibody responses to SRBC. IgM antibody levels to SRBCs were significantly reduced in comparison to controls at 0.005 and... 

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