Antibodies guide

Itoh, K., Suzuki, T. (2002). Antibody-guided selection using capture-sandwich ELISA. Methods Mol. Biol., 178, 195-199. 

Pectasides, D., Stewart, S., Courtenay-Luck N Rampling, R., Munro, A. J., Krausz, T., Dhokia, B., Snook D., Hooker, G., Durbin, H Taylor-Papadimitriou, J., Bodmer, W. F., and Epenetos, A. A. (1986) Antibody-guided irradiation of malignant pleural and pericardial effusions. Br. J. Cancer 53,727-732. 

Paganelli G, Grana C, Chinol M, Cremonesi M, De Cicco C, De Brand F, et al. Antibody-guided three-step therapy for high-grade glioma with yttrium-90 biotin. Eur J Nucl Med 1999 26 348-357. 

In 2002, British scientists developed a recombinant protein that was able to break down linamarin (Fig. 3.2) to hydrogen cyanide in cancer cells selectively (antibody-guided enzyme nitrile therapy, AGENT). However, the protein has major disadvantages and is unlikely to be useful as a medicine. 

C. A. Kousparou, A. A. Epenetos, M. P. Deonarain (2002) Antibody-guided enzyme therapy of cancer producing cyanide results in necrosis of targeted cells. Ini J. Cancer, 99, 138-148. 

Liddell J.E. Cryer A. (1991) APractical Guide to Monoclonal Antibodies. Chichester John Wiley. Micell M.C. Panics J.R. (1993) The role of CD4 and CD8 in T cell activation and differentiation. 

Main types of biomolecular recognition elements used in affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided modes include antibodies, nucleic acids and biomimetic materials. Antibodies are used most frequently because of their high affinity, versatility, and commercial availability. 

Some synthetic carriers actually are designed to have low immunogenicity on their own to minimize the potential for antibody production against them. When a hapten is coupled to these molecules, the immune response is directed principally toward the modification, not at the carrier. This design approach guides most of the immune response toward the desired target and minimizes the production of carrier-specific antibodies. 

Some of the polyclonal antibodies or the antibodies produced by the animal before the immunization might cause unspecific bindings. To control this, it is important to obtain a preimmune bleed from the same animal. The preimmune serum should also be used as a guide in the initial experiments to determine the dilution of the antibody, and later on... 

Tables 8 and 9 show how some of the previously mentioned antibodies can distinguish between metastatic adenocarcinomas of unknown primaries in females and males, respectively. The panels are similar except for ERP (estrogen receptor protein), GCDFP-15, and S-100, which are used in females for their specificity for gynecologic tumors and PSA (prostatic specific antigen), used in males for its specificity for prostatic adenocarcinoma. These antibodies cannot absolutely distinguish among the tumor sources listed. However, they can guide pathologists and clinicians on which organs need to be further examined to determine the primary source of a metastatic tumor.

Sapsford etal. (2001) examined microarray-based antibody-antigen binding kinetics in real time to determine the effect of spot size. Capture antibodies were immobilized in an array pattern onto silver-clad microscope slides. Antimouse IgG was directly attached to the surface or attached via neutravidin capture of the biotinylated antibody. Cy5-labeled mouse IgG capture was monitored based upon the signal generated from the excitation of an evanescent wave guide (slide) with a 635-nm laser source detection was achieved by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera system. Both static and flow-through conditions were employed. 

Tor additional details on guiding principles involved in coining USAN for antibodies, please see World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution 4619. 

In immunocytochemistry, signals are usually amplified by means of catalyzed reporter deposition. In ProxiMol, catalyzed reporter deposition has been modified to permit the isolation of phage antibodies binding to near neighbor biotinylated guide molecule. Deposition of biotin molecule can be detected by electron microscopy. 

Sometimes no amino acid sequence information is available to guide the synthesis of a probe for direct detection of the DNA of interest. In this case, a gene can be identified indirectly by cloning cDNA in a vector that allows the cloned cDNA to be transcribed and translated. A labeled antibody is used to identify which bacterial colony produces the protein and, therefore, contains the cDNA of interest. 

Gillies, S D (1992) Design of expression vectors and mammalian cell systems suitable for engineered antibodies, in Antibody Engineering A Practical Guide (Borrebaeck, C. A K., ed.), Freeman, New York. 

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