Anti-dextran antibodies

Dextrans may also promote a number of negative efleets. Dextrans 40 and 70 have been associated with acute renal failure, although the meehanism by whieh this is induced is unclear. Infusion of dextrans ean also prompt severe anaphylaetie shoek. Many patients exhibit anti-dextran antibodies, ineluding some who have not been previously administered dextran (antibodies may be generated in response to dextran-like dietary or baeterial polysaccharides to which the patient has previously been exposed). 

To prevent severe anaphylactic responses, administration of a small volume (10-20 ml) of low molecular mass dextran (Dextran 1) is often undertaken immediately prior to infusion of the higher molecular mass product. Circulatory anti-dextran antibodies will be mopped up by binding to the lower molecular mass dextran. This prevents formation of high molecular mass dextran-immune complexes/precipitates which often underseore the severe anaphylactic response. 

Brunswick, M., Finkelman, F.D., Higher P.F., Inman, J.K., Dintzis, H.M., and Mond, J.J. (1988) Picogram quantities of anti-Ig antibodies coupled to dextran induce B cell proliferation. /. Immunol. 140, 3364-3372. 

Myeloma proteins occur in animal tumors of various types. The synthesis of these proteins can be induced in some experimental animals by injection of mineral oil, or the implantation of plastic discs.161 Myeloma proteins were shown to possess antibody activity, with specificity for different types of substances.161 Some of these proteins were found to combine with such carbohydrates as bacterial, cell-wall polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, dextrans, levans, and galactans.162 Myeloma proteins that combine with galactans or dextrans possess anti-galactan activity,163,164 or anti-dextran activity,165-167 and have been studied most extensively. 

Fig. 1. Various schematics of bead display for molecular assemblies on beads. The Py subunits of the G protein (circles labeled with [i and y) are fused with either FLAG or hexahistidine tag, which recognizes the biotinylated M2 anti-FLAG antibodies on streptavidin-coated beads or chelated nickel on the dextran-treated beads. A socket and plug connecter is utilized to depict the very high-affinity interaction of the epitope tag. This modular setup allows for either a subunit (for capturing FPR-GFP) or as subunit (for capturing / 2AR-GFP) to be coupled with the fly subunit to form the complete G protein coating the bead. Fluorescent components such as GFP or ligand are indicated in green. See text for details.

The degree of precipitation with the synthetic linear dextran as compared with the usual native dextrans has been of value in examining anti-dextrans produced in humans, - and in rabbits - and has shown that the heterogeneous populations of antidextran may be mixtures of molecules with specificities directed toward internal chains of a-(1 6) linked residues as well as those with specificities directed toward terminal nonreducing ends of chains. Fractions of such antibodies separated by isoelectric focusing were found to differ in the proportions of their antibodies precipitable by the synthetic linear dextran. 

Albendazole, ag interferon, anti-CD5 antibody, azathioprine, dimercaprol, hycanthone, interferon, interleukin 2, iron dextran, ivermectin, ketoconazole, lansoprazole, metoprolol, nalidixic acid, OKT3, pefloxacin, tiabendazole, zidovudine... 

Isotype-specific anti-adenoviral antibodies in patients dosed with adenoviral-based gene therapy vectors were detected using a Biacore 3000 by Abad et al. [39]. In this assay, whole intact virus was immobihzed on the sensor surface (dextran matrix) using amine coupHng chemistry. The binding of antibodies from patient blood sera (1 10 diluted) was measured by SPR sensor and ELISA. The results obtained by the SPR biosensor were consistent with those obtained using ELISA. 

Marine anti-[high a-(13)-content dextran] antibody production by hybrid cells has been reported. Binding studies of methyl 6-(9-benzoyl- 3-D-galacto-pyranoside to the Fab fragment of immunoglobulin J539 have indicated that the phenyl group appears to participate in interactions with the antibody. ... 

Some properties of a cell-bound homogeneous murine immunoglobulin M anti-dextran have been reported.Immunoglobulin antibodies invoked by Mycoplasma pneumoniae are cross-reactive with native erythrocyte antigens, which share determinants with M. pneumoniae. ... 

The proportions of k and X chains may change during immunization. For example, anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (anti-Dnp) antibodies synthesized by guinea pigs 2 weeks after immunization with a bovine y-globulin-Dnp conjugate contain over 99% k chains (9), and several strains of mice produce antibodies to a(l 3)dextran that are almost exclusively X (10), despite the paucity of X chains in normal mouse serum. 

Another example of idiotypic cross-reactivity between myeloma proteins and induced antibodies was reported by Weigert and his collaborators (54,55). They found that a small but significant percentage of myeloma proteins induced in BALB/c mice have antibody activity against a(l 3)dextran and share idiotypic specificity. These include an IgM as well as a number of IgA proteins all are of type X. The same idiotypic specificity was found in anti-a(l 3)dextran antibodies of all immunized, normal BALB/c mice. 

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