Anti-exudative activity

The anti-inflammatory activity of experimental agents was determined using the method of Vinegar (1) using a carrageenan dose of 0.075 mg/rat and harvesting pleural exudate 4 hours afterwards. Testing results are provided in Table 2. 

The anti-inflammatory effects of FP and triflupromazine, either alone or in combination with triamcinolone, were studied in rats after one single dose and 8 days, measuring histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin (PGE2), volume of exudate and histaminase enzyme [174]. The results indicated that the administration of FP and triflupromazine in these conditions induced a significant anti-inflammatory activity which could be attributed to the inhibition of prostaglandin E2. 

Table 5 Anti-plasmodial activities of P. senegalense surface exudate compounds against the...

Using the granuloma-pouch technique in the rat, Sutter, Adjarian and Haskell found that cuprous iodide, in a daily dose of 250 mg/kg orally, reduces the granuloma weight by 60 per cent and almost completely abolishes the exudate. This does not appear to be due to a non-specific effect as many other inorganic salts do not possess a similar anti-inflammatory activity. We found that cuprous iodide in a dose of 320 mg/kg orally, which is lethal to guinea-pigs, did not delay the development of ultra-violet erythema. 

The anti-exudative effects vary considerably but are generally proportional to the unaltered bioflavonoid content. Thus hesperidin is active in a daily subcutaneous dose of 60 mg/kg. Studies in adrenalectomized animals suggest that the effects are independent of the pituitary adrenal axis. The possibility of a non-specific stress effect cannot be entirely ignored, but this seems unlikely since the degree of local irritation produced by the bioflavonoids shows poor correlation with their anti-inflammatory activity. 

The Role of Wood Exudates and Extractives in Protecting Wood from Decay 869 Table 9.2.1. Chemical classification of compounds known to possess anti-microbial activity and to occur in the heartwood of decay-resistant species ... 

Spector showed that after the intrapleural injection of turpentine in rats the increase in vascular permeability coincides with the development of permeability-increasing activity by the globulin fraction of the exudate. As the permeability of the vessels returns to normal so the globulin fraction loses its activity owing, apparently, to the appearance of an inhibitor. Further work is needed to clarify the properties and role of the permeability globulins in inflammation. Salicylate is reported to inhibit the activation of these globulins, and the effect of other known anti-inflammatory drugs in this respect would be of interest. 

Several examples of bioassay-guided isolation are given in the literature. Recio et al [47] used a topical irritant agent to track the activity during the isolation of the anti-inflammatory triterpenes from Diospyros leucomelas, whereas Cuellar et al. [48] employed a combined system of in vivo and in vitro experiments, consisting of the inhibition of an enzyme activity Fig. (1) . Other authors prefer in vitro models. Ammon and Safayhi [49] used the inhibition of leukotriene formation in rat peritoneal neutrophils to isolate the boswellic acids of gum resin exudate of Boswellia serrata, whereas Takaishi et al. [42] studied the inhibition of interleukin-1 secretion, and Jain et al. [50] studied the in vitro inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity. The main results of these studies are summarised in the pharmacological activity section of this chapter. 

The presence of antagonistic substances in the plasma itself and their sufficiently quick formation are considered by certain physiologists as important in the phenomenon of coagulation. According to them, in the circulating blood there i.s a little thrombin already formed. Of the numerous leucocytes, some are changed, others dead, and these let their enzyme exude, whidi the calcium ions of the plasma soon make active. How is it, then, that under these conditions the blood docs not dot in the blood-vessels It is because these vessels normally contain anti-coagulating substances. These, while in the... 

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