Anti-acne

As of 1991 in the United States, OTC antiacne preparations may contain only a few active dmgs, for example, sulfur [7704-34-9] resorcinol acetate [102-29-4], resorcinol [108-46-3], salicylic acid [69-72-7], and some combinations (52). OTC anti-acne constituents maybe included in a variety of conventional cosmetic preparations, which then become OTC dmgs. These include lotions, creams, solutions, facial makeups, facial cleansers (including abrasive cleansers), and astringents. Products must contain the specified dmgs at the designated concentrations. Compositions of antiacne products have beenpubhshed (53). 

Isotretinoin (Accutane) Anti-acne Isradipine (DynaCirc, Calcium-blocker DynaCirc CR)... 

Anti -acne. Preventing the inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Anti-amoebic. Destroying or suppressing the growth of amoebae. Anti-ancylostomiasis. Preventing the infection with hookworms of the genus Ancyclostoma. 

Inui S, Nakao T, Itami S. Modulation of androgen receptor transcriptional activity by anti-acne reagents. J Dermatol Sci 2004 36(2) 97-101. 

Nonanedioic acid (= Azelaic acid) (aliphatic dicarboxylic acid) Olea europaeae (Oleaceae) [rancid olive oil], Solarium tuberosum (Solanaceae) [leaf] Sour taste [anti-acne]... 

Retinoids (e.g. retinoic acid) are involved in development and in metabolic regulation (e.g. through induction of expression of PEPCK, the rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis). Retinoic acid derives from retinol, which in turn derives from ingestion of plant a-, 3- and "/-carotenes and other carotenes. Retinoic acid acts via retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors note that these receptors can heterodimerize in the nucleus with other related hormone receptors such as PPA-Rs. The developmental importance of retinoic acid is underscored by the teratogenicity of retinoic acid and other vitamin A related compounds, notably some compounds developed for anti-acne properties. 

Beware of young patients who overuse aggressive anti-acne preparations. 

Para-anisyl alcohol is used primarily in flavor and fragrance chemicals applications. It is also used as an intermediate for production of anisyl acetate and anisyl formate. Both products are small volume products. One new appfi-cation is production of nadifloxacin, an anti-acne drug. The... 

Fruit acids are an example of an active material. Also called alpha hy-droxyacids or AHAs, they have the abifity to penetrate the sldn, where they can increase the production of collagen, elastin, and intracellular substances thus improving the appearance of the skin. Thousands of cosmetic actives are used to affect the sldn in a variety of ways. They are used to tighten, tighten, and firm the sldn. They can be used to suppress perspiration as in the case of aluminum chlorohydrate. Salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide are important ingredients because of their anti-acne activity (See Figure 7). Some active materials are added to sldn treatments to protect the sldn from the environment. Dimethicone and petrolatum are examples of sldn protectants. 

D Dermatologicals Antifungals, antibiotics, corticosteroids, anti-acne... 

Acne is treated by gently applying a cleansing agent several times a day to the skin. Vigorous scrubbing should be avoided. In addition, the patient can administer topical anti-acne medication such as keratolytics. These include benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, and salicylic acid that dissolves keratin, the outer layer of the epidermis. 

Acne vulgarisis is an inflammation of the pilosebaceous glands and is treated by using a cleansing agent and applying topical anti-acne medication. 

Safety (negative propensity to cause harm) must be distinguished from tolerability (negative propensity to cause annoying side effects). Tolerability can limit OTC, use even when safety is good. This is particularly true for topical agents such as anti-acne preparations, most of which are of little safety concern but can produce very substantial irritation. 

Phenol (carbolic acid) is not a sensitizer but a deep skin penetrant producing local gangrene if not diluted. Resorcinol is used for its alleged intipruritic and anti-acne keratolytic properties. It irritates in a dose-related manner but allergic reactions occur (Caron and Calnan 1962 Keil 1962). Group hypersensitivity was demonstrated for some resorcinol derivatives such as resorcinol-mono-acetate and hexyl-resorcinol, which are metadihydroxybenzenes. The ortho and para compounds do not cross-react. 

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