Antacids aluminum hydroxide

Aluminum (Al) Aluminum is a silvery white metal with a relatively low density of 2.7 g/cm3. For this reason, aluminum is a popular material for construction. Alloying aluminum with other metals improves its strength. Elemental aluminum does not occur in nature, and must be synthesized by the energy-intensive Hall process. Compounds containing aluminum are found in antiperspirants (aluminum chloride) and antacids (aluminum hydroxide). 

Magaldrate is an antacid having somewhat more efficacy than aluminum hydroxide. It does not appear to disturb electrolyte balance or bowel function. 

Antacids containing either calcium carbonate or aluminum hydroxide... 

Figure 9. Stabilizing effect of methylcellulose on foams generated by a suspension of effervescent antacid granules containing magnesium trisilicate and aluminum hydroxide...

A recent consensus panel recommends calcium- or magnesium-containing antacids as first-line therapies for heartburn in pregnancy.21 This recommendation was based on the added benefit of calcium and magnesium supplementation. Avoid antacids containing aluminum hydroxide owing to associations with fetal neurotoxicity.22... 

Single or combination nonprescription antacid products, especially those containing magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and/or calcium carbonate, may provide sufficient relief from simple nausea or vomiting, primarily through gastric acid neutralization. 

Sucralfate (A) contains numerous aluminum hydroxide residues. However, it is not an antacid because it fails to lower the overall acidity of gastric juice. After oral intake, sucralfate molecules undergo cross-linking in gastric juice, forming a paste that adheres to mucosal defects and exposed deeper layers. Here sucralfate intercepts H+. Protected from acid, and also from pepsin, trypsin, and bile acids, the mucosal defect can heal more rapidly. Sucralfate is taken on an empty stomach (1 h before meals and at bedtime). It is well tolerated however, released AP+ions can cause constipation. 

Aluminum hydroxide and calcium-containing antacids may reduce LDL cholesterol and increase the HDL/LDL ratio. 

Alginic Acid + Aluminum Hydroxide Magnesium Tnsilicate (Gaviscon) [Antacid] [OTC] Uses Heartburn hiatal hernia pain Action Protective layer blocks gastric acid Dose 2—4- tabs or 15-30 mL PO qid followed by H2O Caution [B, -] Avoid in renal impair or Na -restricted diet Disp Tabs, susp SE D, constipation Interactions T Absorption OF tetracyclines EMS None OD May cause constipation, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, and peripheral edema symptomatic and supportive... 

Aluminum Hydroxide + Magnesium Carbonate (Gaviscon Extra Strength/ Liquid) [OTC] [Antacid/Aluminum Magnesium Salts] Uses Relief of heartburn, acid indigestion Action Neutralizes gastric acid Dose Adults. 15-30 mL PO pc hs Peds. 5-15 mL PO qid or PRN avoid in renal impair Caution T Mg (w/ renal insuff) [C, ] Disp Liq, chew tabs SE Constipation, D Interactions In addition to AlOH effects OF histamine blockers, hydantoins, nitrofurantoin, phenothiazines, ticlopidine, T effects OF... 

A variety of adverse effects have been reported following the use of antacids. If sodium bicarbonate is absorbed, it can cause systemic alkalization and sodium overload. Calcium carbonate may induce hypercalcemia and a rebound increase in gastric secretion secondary to the elevation in circulating calcium levels. Magnesium hydroxide may produce osmotic diarrhea, and the excessive absorption of Mg++ in patients with renal failure may result in central nervous system toxicity. Aluminum hydroxide is associated with constipation serum phosphate levels also may become depressed because of phosphate binding within the gut. The use of antacids in general may interfere with the absorption of a number of antibiotics and other medications. 

These antibiotics are partially absorbed from the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. Food impairs absorption of all tetracyclines except doxycycline and minocycline. Absorption of doxycycline and minocy-cbne is improved with food. Since the tetracyclines form insoluble chelates with calcium (such as are found in many antacids), magnesium, and other metal ions, their simultaneous administration with milk (calcium), magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, or iron will interfere with absorption. Because some of the tetracyclines are not completely absorbed, any drug remaining in the intestine may inhibit sensitive intestinal microorganisms and alter the normal intestinal flora. 

Aspirin s original use as an analgesic, antipyretic, and to reduce inflammation continues to this day, and more recently some evidence has been found that it may lessen the chance of heart attacks due to its effect as a blood thinner. Just as aspirin continues to provide the same benefits as a century ago, it also produces some of the same problems. The major problem is that it can upset the stomach. In the acidic environment of the stomach, aspirin can diffuse through the protective mucous lining of the stomach and rupture cells and produce bleeding. Under normal doses, the amount of blood loss in most individuals is only a milliliter or two, but in some individuals who take heavy doses bleeding can be severe. To counterattack this side effect, manufacturers include an antacid such as aluminum hydroxide and call the aspirin a buffered aspirin. As noted previ-... 

Drug Interactions Acyclovir Antacids with magnesium and aluminum hydroxides Cholestyramine Drugs that alter gastrointestinal flora may interact with mycophenolate mofetil by disrupting enterohepatic recirculation Probenecid... 

Tetracyclines, as broad-spectrum antibiotics, are the drugs of choice in treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Most tetracyclines are absorbed to various degrees (30 to 100%) from the gastrointestinal tract, primarily from the stomach and upper small intestine. The absorption of tetracyclines is hindered by milk and milk products, by numerous antacids such as aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium carbonate, and by iron preparations such as ferrous sulfate. Therefore, these and similar substances should not be administered orally together with tetracycline (Figure 3.4). 

No studies were located regarding developmental effects of various forms of aluminum following acute-or chronic-duration oral exposure in healthy humans. The only human data on developmental effects come from infants with renal failure and premature infants. Their responses are probably not indicative of responses expected in normal infants. Osteomalacia and increased bone and serum levels of aluminum were reported in 3 infants with kidney failure who had been treated orally with more than 100 mg of Al/kg/day as aluminum hydroxide from the first or sixth month of life (Andreoli et al. 1984 Griswold et al. 1983), and in healthy infants ingesting aluminum-containing antacids (Pivnick et al. 1995). 

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