Angina pectoris prophylaxis

Indications Angina pectoris prophylaxis and treatment Category Potassium channel activator Half-life N/A... 

Acute relief of an attack of angina pectoris or prophylaxis of angina pectoris... 

Bray CL, Jain S, Faragher EB, Myers A, Myers P, MacIntyre P, Rae A, Goldman M, and Alcorn M (1991) A comparison of buccal nitroglycerin and sublingual nitroglycerin in the prophylaxis and treatment of exertional (situation-evoked) angina pectoris. Eur. Heart J. 12 Suppl A 16-20. 

Indications. Verapamil is used as an antiarrhythmic drug in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. In atrial flutter or fibrillation, it is effective in reducing ventricular rate by virtue of inhibiting AV-conduction. Verapamil is also employed in the prophylaxis of angina pectoris attacks (p. 308) and the treatment of hypertension (p. 312). Adverse effects Because of verapamil s effects on the sinus node, a drop in blood pressure fails to evoke a reflex tachycardia Heart rate hardly changes bradycardia may even develop. AV-block and myocardial insufficiency can occur. Patients frequently complain of constipation. 

It is indicated in hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, longterm management of MI, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, pheochro-mocytoma, migraine prophylaxis, angina pectoris, essential tremors. 

It is indicated in hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, post MI patients, adjunctive management of thyrotoxicosis and prophylaxis of migraine. 

It is indicated in acute attacks (sublingually) and chronic prophylaxis (orally) of angina pectoris and coronary insufficiency. In acute myocardial infarction, CHF and acute LVF. 

It is indicated in pulmonary hypertension, prophylaxis of angina pectoris, post myocardial infarction therapy, CHF and acute LVF. It is not recommended for acute attacks of angina. 

It is used for chronic prophylaxis of angina pectoris. Tolerance may develop to pharmacological actions. 

The major clinical uses of atenolol include hypertension angina pectoris acute myocardial infarction (MI) heart rhythm disturbances and migraine prophylaxis. In hypertonia disease, various studies have addressed the efficacy of atenolol in... 

Isosorbide dinitrate (Cedocard) (t20 min) is used for prophylaxis of angina pectoris and for congestive heart failure (tabs sublingual, and to swallow). An i.v. formulation 500 micrograms/ml (Isoket) is available for use in left ventricular failure and unstable angina. 

Patients suffering from angina pectoris should also use glyceryl trinitrate or isosorbide dinitrate as usual for pre-exertional prophylaxis 10 min before intercourse. They should be aware of the potentially fatal interaction of sildenafil (Viagra) with nitrates (see above, p. 545). 

The organic nitrate nitroglycerin or glyceryl tri nitrate (GTN) a polyol ester of nitric acid was first synthesised in 1846 by Sobrero as an explosive and reported as a therapeutic agent in 1879 by Murrell for the relief and prophylaxis of angina pectoris. This was preceded by the use of the organic nitrite, amylnitrite, in 1857 for the treatment of angina and was the first described use of a nitrovasodilator. 

Membrane permeation-controlled transdermal drug delivery (Fig. 5.2) has been successfully applied in therapeutic systems for scopolamine (prevention of motion sickness for a 3-day period), nitroglycerin (prophylaxis against attack of angina pectoris over a 24-h period), clonidine (control of hypertension for a 7-day period), and fentanyl (control of constant pain for 72 h). 

Nifedipine Adalat Bayer U.K. (1) treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris (2) treatment of hypertension (3) treatment of Raynaud s phenomenon... 

Chapter 7 covers the mechanisms involved in the treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris and moderate hypertension by drugs which block the passage of calcium ions into and out of cells. Finally, in Chapter 8, the discovery of clinically useful inhibitors of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in chronic diabetes, is described. 

Erythrityl tetranitrate (5 to 10 mg sublingually) is used for prophylaxis and long-term treatment of frequent or recurrent angina pain and in reduced exercise tolerance associated with angina pectoris (see Nitroglycerin) (see Eigures 69 and 70). 

Nitroglycerin is indicated for initial relief of acute angina pectoris and for prophylaxis to prevent or minimize anginal attacks when taken immediately before stressful events. Nitroglycerin has the following molecular structure ... 

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