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Anemia indicators

Makino, S., Shimizu, Y., Takata, T., 1997. A study on the relationship between blood lead levels and anemia indicators in workers exposed to low levels of lead. Ind. Health 35, 537—541. [Pg.630]

There are undifferentiated stem cells of the blood elements in the bone marrow that differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, (red blood cells), thrombocytes (platelets), and white blood cells (leukocytes and lymphocytes). The production of erythrocytes is regulated by a hormone, erythropoietin (see the section on kidney toxicity), that is synthetized and excreted by the kidney. An increase in the number of premature erythrocytes is an indication of stimulation of erythropoiesis, i.e., increased production of erythrocytes in anemia due to continuous bleeding. [Pg.306]

Toxic Effects on the Blood-Forming Tissues Reduced formation of erythrocytes and other elements of blood is an indication of damage to the bone marrow. Chemical compounds toxic to the bone marrow may cause pancytopenia, in which the levels of all elements of blood are reduced. Ionizing radiation, benzene, lindane, chlordane, arsenic, chloramphenicol, trinitrotoluene, gold salts, and phenylbutazone all induce pancytopenia. If the damage to the bone marrow is so severe that the production of blood elements is totally inhibited, the disease state is termed aplastic anemia. In the occupational environment, high concentrations of benzene can cause aplastic anemia. [Pg.306]

UicAochAornatogAoptiic TcAtcng MetkodA ioA Sickle, Cell Anemia and Related Vl60AdeAA in the AdixJit. The procedures described in the preceding Section are, in fact, applicable to the detection of hemoglobinopathies in the adult, and any quantitative determination of Hb-A2 immediately becomes a qualitative test for abnormal Hb s. If, instead of the very small zone of Hb-A2, a prominent zone moves in the same way, Hb-C (or Hb- ) is indicated. [Pg.20]

Barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy maybe indicated in the presence of red flag symptoms (fever, weight loss, bleeding, and anemia, which maybe accompanied by persistent severe pain), which often point to a potentially serious non-IBS problem. A barium enema may identify polyps, diverticulosis,... [Pg.317]

Current NKF guidelines define anemia as a hemoglobin (Hgb) level less than 11 g/dL (6.8 mmol/L).31 A number of factors can contribute to the development of anemia, including deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate, hemolysis, bleeding, or bone marrow suppression. Many of these can be detected by alterations in RBC indices, which should be included in the evaluation for anemia. A complete blood cell count is also helpful in evaluating anemia to determine overall bone marrow function. [Pg.382]

Transferrin saturation (serum iron/TIBC)—indicates the amount of transferrin that is bound with iron it is lower in iron-deficiency anemia. [Pg.978]

Low reticulocyte counts may indicate a diseased bone marrow (e.g., aplastic anemia, myelodysplasia, or leukemia), especially if the white blood cells and platelets are low. [Pg.978]

Hematocrit (Hct) Males 42-50% (0.42-0.50) Females 36-45% (0.36-0.45) The percent of blood that the erythrocytes encompass also indicates anemia the hemoglobin is measured, and the hematocrit is calculated. [Pg.979]

Red blood cell count (RBC) Red Blood Cell Indices Males 4.5-5.9 x 1 06 cells/mL (4.5-5.9 x 1012 cells/L) Females 4.1-5.1 x 106 cells/mL (4.1-5.1 x 1012 cells/L) The number of erythrocytes in a volume of blood also indicates anemia, but seldom used. [Pg.979]

Most patients in aplastic crisis will recover spontaneously. Therefore, treatment is supportive. If anemia is severe or symptomatic, transfusion may be indicated. Infection with human parvovirus B19 is the most common cause of aplastic crisis. Isolate infected patients because parvovirus is highly contagious. Pregnant women should avoid contact with infected patients because midtrimester infection with parvovirus may cause hydrops fetalis and stillbirth.6,27... [Pg.1015]

Bone marrow suppression ZDV Onset Few weeks to months Symptoms Fatigue, risk of T bacterial infections due to neutropenia anemia, neutropenia 1. Advanced HIV 2. High dose ZDV 3. Preexisting anemia or neutropenia 4. Concomitant use of bone marrow suppressants Avoid in patients with high risk for bone marrow suppression avoid other suppressing agents monitor CBC with differential at least every 3 months Switch to another NRTI D/C concomitant bone marrow suppressant, if possible for anemia Identify and treat other causes consider erythropoietin treatment or blood transfusion, if indicated for neutropenia Identify and treat other causes consider filgrastim treatment, if indicated... [Pg.1270]

Hereditary deficiency of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia and often with central nervous system dysfunction and/or myopathy. The first case, reported by Kraus et al. (K24), is a heterozygous female, and the results are not so clear. The second family, reported by Valentine et al. (V3), is a large Chinese family, whose pedigree study indicates that PGK deficiency is compatible with X-linked inheritance. To date, 22 families have been reported (04, T25, Y3). Nine of these have manifested both symptoms five have shown only hemolysis seven have shown the central nervous system dysfunction and/or myopathy but without hemolysis and one case, PGK Munchen, is without clinical symptoms (F5). PGK II is an electrophoretic variant found in New Guinea populations (Y2). Red blood cell enzyme activity, specific activity, and the kinetic properties of this polymorphic variant are normal. [Pg.21]

While the role of PHD inhibitors in the treatment of anemia is now validated, therapeutic validation is less certain in other HIF-associated pathologies such as wound healing, ulcerative colitis, therapeutic angiogenesis, and treatment of acute ischemic events such as myocardial ischemia and stroke. All of these indications are supported by a compelling array of in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies but their utility in the clinical setting remains to be evaluated and represents exciting possibilities for the future of small-molecule inhibitors of PHD enzymes. [Pg.137]

MF effects on FA relatives and healthy donors. (Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive disease associated with the overproduction of free radicals, Chapter 31.) It has been shown earlier [215] that FA leukocytes produce the enhanced amount of hydroxyl or hydroxyl-like free radicals, which are probably formed by the Fenton reaction. It was suggested that MF would be able to accelerate hydroxyl radical production by FA leukocytes. Indeed, we found that MF significantly enhanced luminol-amplified CL produced by non-stimulated and PMA-stimulated FA leukocytes but did not affect at all oxygen radical production by leukocytes from FA relatives and healthy donors (Table 21.3). It is interesting that MF did not also affect the calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated CL by FA leukocytes, indicating the absence of the calcium-mediated mechanism of MF activity, at least for FA leukocytes. [Pg.713]

Methotrexate, an antimetabolite, is indicated for moderate to severe psoriasis. It is particularly beneficial for psoriatic arthritis. It is also indicated for patients refractory to topical or UV therapy. Methotrexate can be administered orally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. The starting dose is 7.5 to 15 mg per week, increased incrementally by 2.5 mg every 2 to 4 weeks until response maximal doses are approximately 25 mg/wk. Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, mucosal ulceration, stomatitis, malaise, headache, macrocytic anemia, and hepatic and pulmonary toxicity. Nausea and macrocytic anemia can be ameliorated by giving oral folic acid 1 to 5 mg/day. Methotrexate should be avoided in patients with active infections and in those with liver disease. It is contraindicated in pregnancy because it is teratogenic. [Pg.206]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.14 , Pg.15 ]




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