Hydroxyl radical production

Gutteridge, J.M. Halliwell, B. (1988). The deoxyribose assay an assay both for free hydroxyl radical and for site-specific hydroxyl radical production. Biochemical Journal, Vol. 253, (April 1988), pp. 932-933, ISSN 0264-6021. 

Beckman, J.S., Beckman, T.W., Chen, J., Marshall, P.A. and Freeman, B.A. (1990). Apparent hydroxyl radical production by pjeroxynitrite implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1620-1624. 

Hunt, J.V., Dean, R.T. and Wolff, S. (1988). Hydroxyl radical production and autoxidative glycosylation. Glucose oxidation as the cause of protein damage in the experimental glycation model of diabetes mellitus and ageing. Biochem. J. 256, 205-212. 

Lai, C.S. and Piette, L.H. (1978) Spin-trapping studies of hydroxyl radical production involved in lipid peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 190, 27-38. 

Humans Hydrogen peroxide has been used as an enema or as a cleaning agent for endoscopes and may cause mucosal damage when applied to the surface of the gut wall. Hydrogen peroxide enteritis can mimic an acute ulcerative, ischaemic or pseudomembranous colitis, and ranges from a reversible, clinically inapparent process to an acute, toxic fulminant colitis associated with perforation and death (Bilotta and Waye, 1989). It is conceivable that anecdotal reports of exacerbation of IBD by iron supplementation (Kawai et al. 1992) are mediated by hydroxyl radical production by the Fenton reaction. 

In addition to the aforementioned dusts and fibers, coal mine dusts may also stimulate oxygen radical production [199], In this case hydroxyl radical production and lipid peroxidation also correlated well with the content of available surface iron. It has been proposed that free radical-mediated processes can be a casual cause of coal workers pneumoconiosis due to exposure to coal dusts. 

MF effects on FA relatives and healthy donors. (Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive disease associated with the overproduction of free radicals, Chapter 31.) It has been shown earlier [215] that FA leukocytes produce the enhanced amount of hydroxyl or hydroxyl-like free radicals, which are probably formed by the Fenton reaction. It was suggested that MF would be able to accelerate hydroxyl radical production by FA leukocytes. Indeed, we found that MF significantly enhanced luminol-amplified CL produced by non-stimulated and PMA-stimulated FA leukocytes but did not affect at all oxygen radical production by leukocytes from FA relatives and healthy donors (Table 21.3). It is interesting that MF did not also affect the calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated CL by FA leukocytes, indicating the absence of the calcium-mediated mechanism of MF activity, at least for FA leukocytes. 

If the mechanism of superoxide production in microsomes by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome P-450 is well documented, it cannot be said about microsomal hydroxyl radical production. There are numerous studies, which suggest the formation of hydroxyl radicals in various mitochondrial preparations and by isolated microsomal enzymes. It has been shown that the addition of iron complexes to microsomes stimulated the formation of hydroxyl radicals supposedly via the Fenton... 

Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and supeiDxide, Proc. Aaii. Acad. USA S7 1620-1624. 

Anthocyanins have the potential to moderate the total oxidative load via three mechanisms. First, they can chelate to copper and iron, thereby decreasing the possibility of hydroxyl radical production from Haber-Weiss reactions. These chelates might also protect other low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWAs), such as ascorbate and a-tocopherol, from autoxidation by transition metals.Anthocyanin-transition metal chelation has been demonstrated in vitro many times,but is unlikely to feature significantly in planta. 

The yield of products by the different oxidative mechanisms from peroxynitrite are strongly dependent on pH (Fig. 30). For example, the yield of expected hydroxyl radical products from dimethylsufoxide decreases with an apparent pK of approximately 7.8. The rate of sulfhydryl oxidation decreases with an apparent... 

Nowell L H, Hoigne J (1992) Photolysis of Aqueous Chlorine at Sunlight and Ultraviolet Wavelength - II Hydroxyl Radical Production, Water Research 26 599-605. 

Barton DFIR (1996) On the mechanism of Gif reactions. Chem Soc Rev 25 237-239 Barton DFIR (1998) Gif chemistry the present situation. Tetrahedron 54 5805-5817 Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA (1990) Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 1620-1624 Benson SW (1965) Bond energies. J Chem Educ 42 502-518... 

Muindi JRF, Sinha BK, Gianni L, Myers CE (1984) Hydroxyl radical production and DNA damage induced by anthracycline-iron complex. FEBS Lett 172 226-230 Mujica V, Nitzan A, Mao Y, Davis W, Kemp M, Roitberg A, Ratner MA (1999) Electron transfer in molecules and molecular wires geometry dependence, coherent transfer, and control. In Jortner J, Bixon M (eds) Electron transfer From isolated molecules to biomolecules. Part Two, Advances in Chemical Physics Series, Vol 107. Wiley, New York, pp 403-428 Mullenger L, Ormerod MG (1969) The radiosensitization of Micrococcus sodonensis by N-ethyl ma-leimide. Int J Radiat Biol 15 259-269... 

Nada H, Oikawa K, Ohya-Nishiguchi H, Kamada H. Efficient hydroxyl radical production and their reactivity with ethanol in the presence of photoexcited semiconductors. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 1994 67 2031-2037. 

Smith JB, Cusumano JC, Babbs CF. Quantitative effects of iron chelators on hydroxyl radical production by the superoxide-driven Fenton reaction. Free Rad Res Commun 1990 8 101-106. 

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