Gene expression, androgens

Filby, A.L., Thorpe, K.L., Maack, G. et al. (2007b). Gene expression profiles revealing the mechanisms of anti-androgen and estrogen-induced feminization in fish. Aquatic... 

Vasopressin plays a major role in the control of blood pressure, which is probably essential for vasocongestion or erection. cOxytocin gene expression occurs in ovary and testes, but the exact functions remain unknown. dProgestins, such as cyproterone acetate, are used clinically as anti-androgens (Kravitz, et ah, 1995). 

Androgens and estrogens are, respectively, male and female sex hormones. They act through cytosolic receptors that, when activated, migrate to the nucleus and influence gene expression. 

PRMTl, a nuclear receptor coactivator, exists as in a 330 kDa complex and is a H4 Arg-3 methyltransferase [133,215]. The enzyme appears to be a chromatin bound, and evidence from immunodepletion and knockout studies suggest that it is the principle, if not sole, H4 Arg-3 methyltransferase [133,215]. Mutation of the S-adenosyl methionine binding site in PRMTl annihilated its nuclear receptor coactivator activity with the androgen receptor, providing evidence for the importance of the methylation event in gene expression [215]. Yeast Rmtl, which is homologous to human PRMTl, methylates Arg-3 only in free H4 [208]. 

Buettner, R., Metzger, E. and Schule, R. (2007) Cooperative demethylation by JMJD2C and LSDl promotes androgen receptor-dependent gene expression. Nature Cell Biology, 9, 347-353. 

Shirahama T, Sakakura C, Sweeney EA, Ozawa M, Takemoto M, Nishiyama K, Ohi Y, Igarashi Y (1997) Sphingosine induces apoptosis in androgen-independent human prostatic carcinoma DU-145 cells by suppression of bcl-X(L) gene expression. FEES Lett 407 97-100... 

Anti-androgenic effect. Sterol fraction of the dried fruit, in cell culture, was active on CA-PC3 and reduced androgen-induced reporter gene expression in transcriptional assay IC50 50 pg/mL . Administration to... 

Gene expression inhibition. Hexane extract of the fruit, taken orally by male adults at a dose of 320 mg/day, significantly reduced nuclear estrogen and androgen receptors in the prostate . 

PC-SPES elucidation of effects of individual herbs of PC-SPES on proliferation and prostate specific gene expression in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Int J Oncol 2002 20(3) 583-588. 

Robins DM. Androgen receptor and molecular mechanisms of male-specific gene expression. Novartis Found Symp. 2005 268 42-52 discussion 53-56, 96-99. 

Verrijdt G, Haelens A, Claessens F. Selective DNA recognition by the androgen receptor as a mechanism for hormone-specific regulation of gene expression. Mol GenetMetab. 2003 78 175-185. 

Trapman J, Cleutjens KB. Androgen-regulated gene expression in prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 1997 8 29-36. 

Lubahn DB, Joseph DR, Sar M, Tan J, Higgs HN, Larson RE, French FS, Wilson EM. The human androgen receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning, sequence analysis and gene expression in prostate. Mol Endocrinol 1988 2(12) 1265—1275. 

C12. Choong, C. S., Kemppainen, J. A., Zhou, Z. X., and Wilson, E. M., Reduced androgen receptor gene expression with first exon CAG repeat expansion. Mol. Endocrinol. 10, 1527-1535 (1996). 

P8. Pentyala, S., Whyard, T. C., Waltzer, W. C., Meek, A. G., and Hod, Y., Androgen induction of urokinase gene expression in LNCaP cells is dependent on their interaction with the extracellular matrix. Cancer Lett. 130, 121-126 (1998). 

An example of gene expression can be illustrated by consideration of the action of steroid hormones, and in the control of sterol biosynthesis. Steroid hormones enter the cell by diffusion through the plasma membrane and bind to their steroid hormone receptor. These receptors are part of a large related family that includes those for glucocorticoids, oestrogens, androgens, thyroid hormone, calcitriol and the retinoids. All steroid hormone receptors are zinc finger transcription factors. The receptor must ... 

Schirra E, Suzuki T, Richards S, et al. Androgen control of gene expression in the mouse meibomian gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 46 3666-3675. 

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