Andes: potato cultivation

Four cereal crops have thus far been utilized for the production of recombinant proteins maize, rice, wheat and barley. It is notable that, despite the attention given to tobacco, oilseed rape and potatoes as major expression systems, the only cultivated... 

Although the timescale of domestication is unknown, some of the processes prior to the spread of potato cultivation throughout South America can be envisaged. Early Andean cultures were likely to be vertical ones, moving up and down the mountains with the changing seasons... 

Kozukue, N., Yoon, K. S., Byun, G. L, Misoo, S., Levin, C. E., Friedman, M. (2008). Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers of 59 accession of two wild and five cultivated Solanum species. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 11920-11928. 

Nowadays potato is one of the major food crops in the world. Heavy yields can be grown relatively cheaply in a wide variety of soils and climates, and potatoes are one of the mainstays in the diet of people in many parts of the world. In 2005 total EU 25 (Europe of the 25) potato production reached 58 848 0731, with yields of 29.2 t/ha and a cultivation area of 1 985 358 ha (British Potato Council, 2007). Thus, potato processing and potato products are popular and acceptable throughout Europe. Figure 7.1 shows the 2005 production and external trade in processed potatoes for the European Union (25 countries). The main item is frozen potatoes, including prefried, at 3 414 9311, followed by potatoes prepared or preserved as potato chips or crisps, 1 647 9501 dried potatoes in the form of flour, meal, flakes, granules, and flakes, 280 3771 potatoes prepared or preserved in the form of flour, meal, or flakes (excluding frozen, dried, crisps), 207 0371 and 18 9861 of dried potatoes not further prepared (Eurostat, 2005). Frozen potato products account for more than 61% of all potatoes that are processed, crisps for... 

Ritter, E., Angulo, B., Riga, R, Elerran, C., Rellose, J., San Jose, M. (2001). Comparison of hydroponic and aeroponic cultivation systems for the production of potato minitubers. Potato Res., 44, 127-135. 

Hospers, M. 1996. Optimization of Biodynamic and Ecological Cultivation of Seed Potatoes. Final report on research carried out between 1992 andl995. PAGV nr 210, Lelystad. 

In other word, kuth cultivation is more profitable than that cultivation of manu in the cold desert of the Lahaul valley. Though, kuth and manu are harvested after three years, their monetary efficiency was more than cumulative monetary efficiency of HYVs of potato, pea and potato or pea, potato, pea as per then prevalent crop rotations in the recent past. The monetary efficiency of 7.5 estimated during present study for kuth is quiet lower than 11.8 monetary efficiency of kuth in 1995-96 (Kuniyal et al., 2004). Lower market rates of roots and increase in market rates of input are the main reasons for the lower monetary efficiency in the present. 

Cereals and potatoes are, however, a staple article of food, and unless cultivation is enormously increased, this source of alcohol production will remain too expensive for the production of industrial spirit. 

Lutomirska, B. (1995). Acceleration of the accumulation of the commercial yield in early cultivars throught the use of covers. Proceedings of 28th Scientific Conference Potato cultivation technology and selected problems from storage, pp. 49-54, Research Institute of Potato, Bonin, March 9-10,1995... 

Lutomirska, B. Szutkowska, M. (1999). Assimilation area and early yield under the cover application in the potato cultivation. Proceedings of Conference Potato for consumption and for food processing - agricultural and storage factors ensuring quality, pp. 169-171, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Radzikow, February 23-25,1999... 

Sweet potato is an important erop in many parts of the world and is cultivated in more than 100 countries. As a world crop with 119 million tonnes production per year, it ranks seventh from the viewpoint of total production. It is fifth on the list of the developing countries as the most valuable food crops and... 

Estabhshed perermial weeds shoitld be controlled prior to transplanting or drilling. With the hmited availability of herbicides, weed control programmes usitally use an approved herbicide followed by inter-row cultivations. Oil seed rape volunteers and potato groimdkeepers can cause a problem in some crops. 

Caraway Seed. This spice is the dried ripe fmit of Carum carvi L. (UmbeUiferae). It is a biennial plant cultivated extensively in the Netherlands and Hungary, Denmark, Egypt, and North Africa. The seed is brown and hard, about 0.48 cm long, and is curved and tapered at the ends. It is perhaps the oldest condiment cultivated in Europe. The odor is pleasant and the flavor is aromatic, warm, and somewhat sharp (carvone). Caraway is used in dark bread, potatoes, sauerkraut, kuemmel Hqueurs, cheese, applesauce, and cookies. 

Monascus pigments have been used in Asian countries for centuries as food colorants and spices and in traditional medicine. These pigments are produced by the fungi of Monascus genus cultivated on carbohydrate-rich substrates such as rice, wheat, com, potatoes, and soybeans. Three species of Monascus identified are pilosus. 

Monascus is cultivated on solid media in Asian countries to produce a red colorant named Anka and used as a food ingredient. A Chinese medical book on herbs published in the first century first mentioned the terms ang-kak and red mold rice. Red mold rice has been used as a food colorant or spice in cooking. In 1884, the French botanist Philippe van Thieghem isolated a purple mold on potato and linseed cakes and named it Monascus ruber. This ascomycete was so named because it has only one polyspored ascus. In 1895, Went isolated a mold from the red mold rice obtained from a market in Java, Indonesia. This fungus was named Monascus purpureus, after which several other species were isolated around the world. 

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