And lead exposure

Gerhardsson L, Lundstrom NG, Nordberg G, et al. 1986b. Mortality and lead exposure A retrospective cohort study of Swedish smelter workers. Br J Ind Med 43 707-712. 

Lyngbye T, Hansen ON, Grandjean P. 1989. Neurological deficits in children Medical risk factors and lead exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 10 531-537. 

Lagerkvist BJson, Sandberg S, Freeh W, Jin T, Nordberg GF. Is placenta a good indicator of cadmium and lead exposure Arch Environ Health 1996 112 151 -156. 

Anonymous 1989. ANH New Zealand under pressure Alliance for Natural Health, http //www.new mediaexplorer.org/australiansupplementlawsfomewzealand.html.2003. Epidemiologic notes and reports cadmium and lead exposure associated with pharmaceutical imported from Asia-Texas. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 38, 612-614. 

Enserink, E.L., Kerkhofs, M.J.J., Baltus, C.A.L. and Koeman, J.H. (1995) Influence of food quantity and lead exposure on maturation in Daphnia magna - evidence for a trade-off mechanism. Functional Ecology, 9, 175-185. 

Bums CB, Burt T, Currie BJ Petrol sniffer s encephalopathy and lead exposure. Med J Aust 161 452, 1994... 

Otto D, Robinson G, Baumann S, et al 5-Year follow-up of children with low-to-moder-ate lead absorption electrophysiological evaluation. Environ Res 38 168-186,1985 Padich RA, Dietrich KN, Pearson DT Attention, activity level, and lead exposure at 18 months. Environ Res 38 137-143, 1985... 

Wasserman GA, Liu X, Pine DS, et al Contribution of maternal smoking during pregnancy and lead exposure to early child behavior problems. Neurotoxicol Teratol 23 13-21, 2001... 

The relationship between air lead concentration and BLL is complex. Exposure to lead can occur through multiple pathways. BLL is the exposure metric most commonly described in association with health effects in humans, and lead exposure is typically assessed by using a pharmacokinetic model to relate air (or dietary) exposure concentratiorrs to BLLs. The committee s goal was not to review in depth the various dosimetry models available for lead but to explore how dosimetry models were used in the development of the OSHA generd industry lead standard and to evalirate the models and their assumptions (see Table 3-1). 

Interactions between noise and lead exposure have been incompletely... 

Although there have been suggestions of causality, there is no definitive evidence of the carcinogenic potential of lead, and lead exposure is not considered to be of concern from this viewpoint. High levels of lead have induced tumours in animals and for this reason alone it has been classified as a possible human carcinogen. However, most studies have found no relationship with cancer but those which have been inconclusive, have concurrent exposure to confounding substances such as arsenic and to smoking. 

Strehlow CD, Barltrop D (1978) Nutritional Status and Lead Exposure in a Multiracial Population. In Trace Substances in Environmental Health, XII (ed. D.D. Hemphill) University of Missouri, Columbia... 

There are six chapters in Part 1. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to all chapters in the book. Chapter 2 offers a historical and complementary context for lead in the environment, in terms of contamination and lead exposure. The historical context is a summary of topics including early lead production, uses of the element, the evolutionary chronology of Pb dispersal and human exposures, and the interplay between lead economics and public concerns. 

Fig. 8. Urinary porphyrin profiles from Fischer-344 rats showing distinctly altered porphyrin excretion patterns associated with prolonged mercury, arsenic, and lead exposures. Abscissa represents HPLC elution time (minutes)...

Lauwerys, R., G. Hubermont, J. P. Buchet, et al. 1977. Domestic Water and Lead Exposure During Pregnancy. Lancet, December 3, p. 1188. 

McConnell, P. (1979) The effects of undernutrition and lead exposure on the development of the cerebellum, PhD. Thesis, University of Birmingham. 

Figure 1 Timetable of the neurobehavioural and lead exposure studies conducted on Lavrion children during the 1983-85 period...

Our data were submitted to descriptive analysis in terms of mean values, range and frequency distributions. Since the distributions of lead exposure parameters were skewed, a log transformation of values was applied. Pearson s correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the association between neuropsychological impairments and lead exposure. The level of significance assumed was p < 0.05 (one-tailed). To evaluate the influence of potential confounding variables on measured parameters, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. In addition, we estimated the variance of psychometric tests explained by covariates (ALA-D, PbB, PbH, PbT) after regressing out the effects of demographic variables (ANCOVA). 

Table 7 Linear correlation coefficients between psychometric tests and lead exposure indicators...

Figure 4 Effects of sociodemographic variables and lead exposure parameters on WISC-R total IQ and verbal IQ evaluated by ANCOVA...

The major patterns of soil lead in Minnesota are related to city size and trafGc flow. The accumulation of leaded petrol is directly linked to environmental contamination and lead exposure of childhood populations in Minnesota. 

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