Analysis of SEM Images

Several approaches have been done to quantify membrane morphology parameters from SEM images. The first attempts were made in the early 1990s. They permitted more quantitative information to be obtained from membrane SEM micrographs and they showed the potential power of computer-aided SEM analysis [30, 31]. More recentiy, other approaches based on different model equations have been reported [32, 33]. The IFME software [32], was developed by our research group within the past years and permits numerical results of the main morphological parameters to be obtained from SEM micrographs. 

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Analysis of SEM images of Ag NPs deposited on a surface (data not shown) yielded the estimate of the Ag NP diameter of c sem = 57 31 nm. Measurements of optical extinction spectra of Ag nanoparticle solution and their comparison with the predictions of the optical scattering theory [5] produced a value of dahs = 55 nm. These data are consistent with the ones previously reported [6] for Ag NPs produced by the same method. 

J.P. Valley and C.A. Brown, Fractal analysis of SEM images of silica membrane morphology, in A.J. Burggraaf, J. Charpin and L. Cot (Eds.), Inorganic Membranes ICIM2-91, Key Engineering Materials 61 62, Trans Tech Pub. Zurich, 1991, pp. 83-88. 

Boyde A 1970 Practical problems and methods in the three-dimensional analysis of SEM images... 

Sokolov V.N., Vhtrkovets D.I., Razgulina O.V. 1997. Assessment of the pore tortuosity ratio by means of computer analysis of SEM-images, Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences (Physics) 61(10) 1898-1902. 

Melnik V.N. 2004. Study of Microstructural Characteristics of Solids by Computer Analysis of SEM Images, Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Physics) 68(9) 1491-1497. 

X-ray photons are yet a third product of electron bombardment of a solid. Both characteristic line spectra and an X-ray continuum are produced. This radiation serves as the basis for the electron microprobe for X-ray fluorescence analysis of SEM images. 

Image analysis of SEM images and of X-ray microtomograms show that the pore size distributions become narrower and is also shifted towards smaller sizes when the foaming CO2 saturation pressure increases, hi particular for sample Al, a continuous distribution in which large pores ( 0.8mm) coexisting with small pores ( 0.15 mm) is observed. 

Manelli A, Sangioigi S, Binaghi E, Raspanti M. (2007) 3D analysis of SEM images of corrosion casting using adaptive stereo matching. Microsc Res Tech 70 350-354. 

On the basis of the protein dimensions (height = 14.5 nm, width=8.5 nm, thickness =40 nm) and the mesh size distribution, the antibody was indeed assumed to be hosted outside the polymer network on the surface of gel channels pervading poly-2-MOEG-9-BF1 matrix, as supported by the analysis of SEM images (Fig. 58). 

Kotula, P.G., M.R. Keenan, and J.R. Michael. 2003. Automated analysis of SEM X-ray spectral images A powerful new microanalysis tool. Microsc. Microanal. 9 1-17. 

The structure of CNTs filled by FesC nanoparticles (nanocomposite) was investigated by TEM. The TEM analysis of the images revealed significant dimensional dispersion of the outer diameters of CNTs (20-100 nm) what confirms SEM data. The typical view of such CNTs is shown in Fig. 2. One can observe that CNTs are multi-walled, most of them are filled by nanoparticles allocated in the walls (arrow 1) and in the channels of CNTs. As it was shown by X-ray analysis these particles represent mostly... 

SEM images of the initial nano-Ti02->S and synthesized composites (Cl and C2) are shown on the Fig. 3. The difference between images under the low Ti02->S content is absent practically, while the morphology of samples under the high contents of mineral component is different. The analysis of SEM-... 

Figure 23.6. CRYO-SEM image analysis, a) SEM image of a cross-section of the MEA2 imder frozen state, b) a close-up of a sublayer in a), and c) the same image of a) converted into a binary image with histogram analysis using Image-Pro Plus software.

SEM observation and EDS analysis were performed on the surface to evaluate the thickness of oxide layer. Typical results of SEM image and EDS line profile are presented in Fig. 4a, b. The morphology of the surface was obviously different from that of the irmer part of the specimen. The distributions of Ba, Si, Al, and O elements... 

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