Analysis for oxygen

Ammonia analysis for oxygen permeation through polyethylene,... 

Reviews of analytical methods for impurities in alkali metals are largely devoted to Na and K owing to their use as liquid coolants in fast-breeder nuclear reactors ". These methods may be extended to Rb and Cs except the analysis for oxygen. In analytical work with the alkali metals, care is necessary during sampling and handling to avoid contamination in transit. The impurities usually considered are O, C, N, H and metals. 

Henning, C. M. and Natelson, S. Improved methods of analysis for oxygen, carbon monoxide and iron on fingertip blood. Clin. Chem. (1955), 1, 165 - 179. 

Kashima, J., Yamazaki, T. Trace analysis for oxygen in metals by the inert gas fusion method with silicon carbide-graphite crucible. Bunseki Kagaku 15, 9 (1966). — Gas chromatog. Abstr. 1969, 701. 

An analysis for oxygen by neutron activation yielded 9.2% O (calculated 9.26% O by weight). PbPd02 is apparently unstable at temperatures above <—820°C, where a mixture of PbO and PbPd3 is obtained in place of PbPd02. 

Kuang, R, Zhang, D., Li, Y., Wan, Y, and Hou, B. 2009. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis for oxygen reduction reaction in 3.5% NaCl solution. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 13, 385-390. 

A reproducible coprecipitation or adsorption reaction of a constant amount of the element of interest can be used in substoichiometry. An interesting example is the substoichiometric radioactivation analysis for oxygen, based on the reproducible isolation of fluorine or fluorosilicate with a substoichiometric amount of hydrated tin dioxide It has been applied to the determination of oxygen in silicon crystal. 

Oxygen. Analyses are ordinarily made by vacuum fusion with Fe or Pt [22,23,27] or by inert gas fusion [28]. The sample is dissolved in the molten metal saturated with carbon in a graphite crucible at 1900°C and the evolved CO converted to CO2 in a CuO column and measured gas-volumetrically. More reproducible results are said to be obtained by neutron activation analysis for oxygen. With this method the sample is exposed a few minutes to 14 MeV neutrons to activate the oxygen by the nuclear reaction 0(n,Y) 0 and the amount of oxygen is obtained from the 0 activity having the half life of ty = 29.1 s [29] by comparison with that of a standard. The technique of isotopic dilution which has been used to analyze for oxygen in Ti should be applicable too [30]. 

The industrial applications of the standard 14 MeV n.a.a. of oxygen have been discussed by Wood and by Perdijon, the latter presenting a cost analysis. Clark and Stensland have reported their experiences with service analysis for oxygen using these fast neutron methods. 

The deterrnination of impurities in the hehum-group gases is also accompHshed by physical analytical methods and by conventional techniques for measuring the impurity in question (93), eg, galvanic sensors for oxygen, nondispersive infrared analysis for carbon dioxide, and electrolytic hygrometers for water. 

F. Analysis for ozone. The analysis is made by passing a definite amount of oxygen through the ozonizer at a selected secondary voltage and then through a neutral 5% solution of potassium iodide. Iodine is liberated,... 

This analysis shows that if the oxides of the two components of a binary alloy are mutually insoluble, and if one of the components has a much greater affinity for oxygen than the other, then the oxide of the baser metal will be formed exclusively even though it is present in the alloy in only a small amount. It seems that the importance of beryllium as an alloying constituent can be explained in this way. It has a high affinity for oxygen [p(BeO) = 10 atm at 1000°C] and also forms a highly protective oxide layer. The... 

Gal-Or and Hoelscher (G5) have recently developed a fast and simple transient-response method for the measurement of concentration and volumetric mass-transfer coefficients in gas-liquid dispersions. The method involves the use of a transient response to a step change in the composition of the feed gas. The resulting change in the composition of the liquid phase of the dispersion is measured by means of a Clark electrode, which permits the rapid and accurate analysis of oxygen or carbon dioxide concentrations in a gas, in blood, or in any liquid mixture. 

One of the most Important thermophysical properties of reactor fuel In reactor safety analysis Is vapor pressure, for which data are needed for temperatures above 3000 K. We have recently completed an analysis of the vapor pressure and vapor composition In equilibrium with the hypostolchiometric uranium dioxide condensed phase (1 ), and we present here a similar analysis for the plutonium/oxygen (Pu/0) system. 

Figure 5.26. Effect of catalyst potential on the oxygen desorption activation energy, Ed, calculated from the modified Redhead analysis for Pt, Ag and Au electrodes deposited on YSZ.44,46 Reprinted from ref. 44 with permission from the Institute for Ionics.

The reaction of Na with Hg to form an amalgam that can then be separated from the NajO for oxygen analysis has been compared with the vacuum distillation technique . Ion-exchange techniques in which the sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent and the resulting separation of elements is achieved by an ion-exchange resin is less common. This technique is particularly suited to separating the volatile impurities such as K, Rb and Co. ... 

The same analytical methods as for liquid sodium have been applied. Distillation separates and concentrates the impurities prior to analysis. Amalgamation has poor recovery value for oxygen compared to distillation (Table 1). ... 

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