Automation analysis

Because of the large number of samples and repetitive nature of environmental analysis, automation is very important. Autosamplers are used for sample injection with gc and Ic systems, and data analysis is often handled automatically by user-defined macros in the data system. The high demand for the analysis of environmental samples has led to the estabUshment of contract laboratories which are supported purely by profits from the analysis. On-site monitoring of pollutants is also possible using small quadmpole ms systems fitted into mobile laboratories. 

Size cut enhances resolution, optically important aerosol analysis, low artifact potential, particle bounce amenable to automated compositional analysis automated versions available large networks under development... 

Manual null ellipsometry is accurate but infrequently done, due to the length of time needed to acquire sufficient data for any meaningffil materials analysis. Automated null ellipsometers are used, for example, in the infrared, but are still slow. Numerous versions of last automated ellipsometers have been built. Examples... 

For the water analysis, automation is clearly best achieved with an auto-injector for the mechanical handhng of the samples coupled with on-hne data capture, using the computer to analyse the peak data. Serious consideration was given to employing the very considerable in house automation experience to construct a purpose-built auto-injector. However, in the interests of a speedy implementation of the automatic system, it was decided to purchase a commercially available auto-injector and to concentrate the laboratory s efforts on the area of on-hne data capture. Interfacing the complete system assembly via a data communications network required the development of a special control device (commhox), which allowed the LGC hardware to run unattended hut provided an audible warning in event of a fault condition. 

A water-cooled sampling probe of internal diameter 1 mm and external diameter 5 mm with a 3-meter long heated line was used to measure concentrations of unburned hydrocarbon (flame ionization detector, Analysis Automation, 520) and NOj (chemiluminescence analyzer, Thermal Environment Instruments, 42) at the combustor exit on a wet basis. The former, measured to a precision of the order of 1 ppm, was used to ensure complete consumption of fuel within the duct, and the latter with a precision of around 0.2 ppm was used to quantify the effect of oscillations on NOj. emissions. 

Phosphorus-31 MRS is continuing to advance and see wider application. The capability to perform P MRS on both clinical and high-held animal scanners is steadily becoming more widespread. Advances such as high magnetic fields and improved RF hardware, data-acquisition approaches, spectrum analysis automation, and pulse sequences promise a technique of increased speed and spectral and spatial resolution, with a widening range of potential applicahons. 

Phthalic acid - [COATINGS] (Vol 6) -use in blood analysis [AUTOMATED INSTRUMENTATION - HEMATOLOGY] (Vol 3)... 

Slinkard, K. and Singleton, V.L. 1977. Total phenol analysis Automation and comparison with manual methods. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 28 49-55. 

Organic trace analysis Automated extraction procedure [458]... 

M.W. Hunkapiller and L.E. Hood. 1983. Protein sequence analysis Automated microsequencing Science 219 650-659. (PubMed)... 

The Principles of Nonvisual, Algorithmic Similarity Analysis Automated Similarity Assessment by Computer... 

As more and more samples are sent for analysis, automated procedures will be required. Improvements in instrumentation and software will facilitate the development of greater automation of sample preparation into a fully integrated analytical method. 

Most peptide sequencing is now done by Edman degradation, an efficient method of N-terminal analysis. Automated Edman protein sequencers are available that allow as many as 50 repetitive sequencing cycles to be carried out before a buildup of unwanted by-products interferes with the... 

FIGURE 40.7 The QTech platform for QT data analysis automation. 

Segmented flow analysis was conceived in the early 1950 s [11] by Skeggs1 (Fig. 2.2) as a logical consequence of the early developments in flow analysis. Automation at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Cleveland (Ohio, USA) was needed, and Skeggs considered robotic systems at that time too cumbersome to be practical. Therefore, he began to perfect the art of doing chemistry in flowing streams. To this end, his expertise in haemodialysis was also valuable [12],... 

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