Analysis and interpretation of the results

The results obtained from absorption and fluorescence data are identical, showing that both methods can be used to characterize DNA and ethidium bromide interaction. 

Data for the absorption spectra can also be analyzed by the following method. 

Let us consider a solution of a product A with concentration equal to [A0]. The OD of A measured at a specific wavelength A. is OD(0) = eel. Let us add to the A solution increasing concentrations of a B solution. After each addition, the OD at X is measured. 

If the product B and the AB complex do not absorb at X, the decrease in OD observed at X will characterize the decrease in concentration of free A. 

one can describe the interaction between A and B with the following equation  

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Alternatively, some studies used expert opinion to extrapolate the effectiveness of donepezil over a longer period (Neumann et al, 1999 O Brien et al, 1999). However, it is recognized that expert opinion can be the weakest source of evidence, which introduces considerable uncertainty into the analysis and interpretation of the results. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors depends heavily on the distribution of the cohort of patients across different severity states. O Brien s team found that the results of their model were very sensitive to this variable. In this context, the correct... 

Inclusion of a study does not imply acceptance of the adequacy of the study design or of the analysis and interpretation of the results, and limitations are clearly outlined in square brackets at the end of each study description. The reasons for not giving further consideration to an individual study are also indicated in square brackets. 

Many of the principles delineated in this guidance deal with minimising bias and maximising precision. As used in this guidance, the term "bias" describes the systematic tendency of any factors associated with the design, conduct, analysis and interpretation of the results of clinical trials to make the estimate of a treatment effect deviate from its true value. ... 

When the vapour of alkali metals is mixed at low pressures, of the order 10 3mm., with certain halogen compounds, a cold, highly diluted flame is produced. A deposit of alkali halide is formed on the wall of the tube in which the reaction takes place, and from the distribution of this deposit and the velocity of the gas stream the partial pressures of the reacting substances and the reaction velocity can be inferred. A number of investigations with various modifications of this method have been carried out by Polanyi and others, J and a careful analysis and interpretation of the results has yielded much interesting and valuable information about the speed of the chemical reactions involved. 

Before selecting the analyte, the relevance of the molecule/analyte in the species needs to be investigated. In some circumstances it is not relevant to measure certain molecules in the intended species since different species have physiological differences. Working in the CRO industry, we have seen many examples of assays that have been used inappropriately, requests for analysis that are not appropriate, or for which certain assays will present challenges, both in analysis and interpretation of the resulting data across different species. These may be due to a number of reasons but common ones are as follows ... 

P(5) Prior to the execution of the tests, a test plan shall be drawn up by the Client and the testing organisation. Wherever possible this should be in accordance with agreed International Standards, or failing that National Standards, which will specify the number, preparation and testing of the specimens and the analysis and interpretation of the results. 

IS not without limitations. There are both methodologic and inappropriate approaches to analysis and interpretations of the results. 

Analysis and Interpretation of the Information and data resulting from the exploratory study will provide the basis for designing the final definitive monitoring study Including all elements of the QA/QC plan. For example, decisions must be made on whether or not the selected control area Is adequate and appropriate whether the hypothesized model Is valid whether the study area should be stratified and If so, how what number of samples should be collected at what locations and whether or not the QA/QC plan for sampling is adequate and if not, how it should be changed. 

Are the equilibrium constants for the important reactions in the thermodynamic dataset sufficiently accurate The collection of thermodynamic data is subject to error in the experiment, chemical analysis, and interpretation of the experimental results. Error margins, however, are seldom reported and never seem to appear in data compilations. Compiled data, furthermore, have generally been extrapolated from the temperature of measurement to that of interest (e.g., Helgeson, 1969). The stabilities of many aqueous species have been determined only at room temperature, for example, and mineral solubilities many times are measured at high temperatures where reactions approach equilibrium most rapidly. Evaluating the stabilities and sometimes even the stoichiometries of complex species is especially difficult and prone to inaccuracy. 

A magnetic and radiometric aerial survey was commissioned by Tripple Uranium Resources Inc. in early 2007 to gain a better understanding of the Harvey Group. Analysis and interpretation of the aerial survey results identified stmctural features and strong radiometric anomalies, which were prospected and mapped through the summer of 2007 and... 

The analysis and interpretation of docking results can be both difficult and time-consuming. When one is working with only a limited number of ligand molecules, visual analysis of the found docking conformations is still feasible. However, in the screening of large databases, this is hardly an option. The fact... 

An analysis and interpretation of experimental results for the four reactions here considered in terms of the Woodward-Hoffmann theory for concerted reactions must be predicated on a clear and commonly held understanding of what that term may mean. Despite the centrality of this term and the concept it covers in recent theoretical treatments of cycloaddition and more general cycloreaction mechanisms, it seems to us to... 

For later processing, analysis, and interpretation of the study data so that the results may be accurately reported... 

Furthermore, the values of the activation energies depend on the analysis method used. In addition, concentration of defects, homogeneity, and morphology of the sample, presence of catalyst particles, and other synthesis-related factors must be taken into consideration during the analysis of the measured data and interpretation of the results. Therefore, literature data on activation energies of carbon nanomaterials vary widely. 

These system-specific advantages facilitate the analysis and Interpretation of experimental results obtained by different in situ surface analytical techniques. Therefore, most experimental data has been collected in the Pb UPD system. 

To extend the basic property profile of the bulk polymer and help better understand the high temperature mesomorphic state, high molecular weight PDPhS and its low molecular weight oligomers have been examined by X-ray diffraction analysis, DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis and high temperature optical microscopy. The results of this examination and interpretation of the results are presented. 

Oxide catalysts also frequently contain paramagnetic species, either as the result of redox behavior under process conditions or because these have been added intentionally to modify catalyst properties. In general, the paramagnetic species cause strong resonance shifts, line-broadening effects, and wide spinning sideband patterns (211, which together complicate analysis and interpretation of the spectra considerably. However, such shift effects in turn reveal structural proximity and thus have been used in favorable cases as a source of structural information [221. 

Chemometrical techniques, particularly Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are very well suited for the evaluation of data on multicomponent mixtures such as PCBs, TCDDs, TCDFs, or PAHs. The reduction of the dimensionality of the data leads to two-dimensional or three-dimensional projections which facilitate pattern recognition and interpretation of the results. PCA is used mainly for pattern recognition such as the distinction between control and... 

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