Anal suppository

Bergren, M. S., Battle, M. M., Halstead, G. W., and Theis, D. L. (1989), Investigation of the relationship between melting-related parameters and in vitro drug release from vaginal suppositories,/. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.,1, 549-561. 

McEvoy, E., Donegan, S., Power, J., Altria, K.D. Optimisation and validation of a rapid and efficient microemulsion liquid chromatographic (MELC) method for the determination of paracetamol (acetaminophen) content in a suppository formulation. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 44, 137-143 (2007)... 

Rectal administration caused adverse effects in 16% of patients (13) anorectal lesions (erosions, ulcers, stenosis of the anal margin) occurred after a relatively short period of suppository use (14). 

Anocutaneous ergotism (characterized by anal ulceration) has been observed in one case after excessive use of ergot suppositories (SEDA-10,119). 

Before the administration of a rectal suppository, the child s rectal area should be thoroughly cleaned. The infant or child should be placed on his or her side or stomach. The wrapper should be removed from the suppository and its pointed end should be inserted into the rectum above the anal sphincter. (If only half a suppository is prescribed, the suppository should be cut lengthwise before administration.) A finger cot or finger wrapped in plastic can be used for administering the suppository.Because an infant or small child cannot adequately retain a suppository in the rectum, the buttocks can be held together firmly for a few minutes after rectal administration to hold the suppository in place. " ... 

Suppositories may slip into the rectum and melt there, bypassing the anal areas where the medication is needed and increasing the possibility of systemic absorption of local anaesthetics and hydrocortisone. This possibility is increased if the patient is lying down. 

Almodovar RA, Rodriguez RA, Rosario O. Inverse supercritical extraction of acetaminophen from suppositories. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998 17 89-93. 

F. Priego-Capote, M.D. Luque de Castro, Ultrasound-assisted continuous liquid—liquid extraction without phase separation and hydrolysis of paracetamol in suppositories, Anal. Chim. Acta 489 (2003) 223. 

Insert the suppository beyond the anal-rectal ridge. 

Inserting the suppository beyond the anal-rectal ridge will ensure the suppository is retained. 

Mohammadi A., Kanfer I., Walker R.B., A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the determination of cyclizine hydrochloride in tablets and suppositories. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal, 35, 233-239 (2004). 

Bronchial asthma has been described in a mother who had opened capsules of pancreatic extract, which had been prescribed for her children suffering from cystic fibrosis (Sakula 1977). Piperazine is an anthelmintic drug. Single cases of angioedema, urticaria, exanthema, and erythema multiforme have been reported in Sweden. Suppositories and ointments used for the anal region can cause allergic contact dermatitis. Procaine, benzocaine, cinchocaine, and antimicrobial agents are the most common offenders. We have seen two cases of purpura and one case of urticaria caused by such suppositories. 

Drug overdose A 20-year-old man with ulcerative proctitis took a rectal suppository formulation of mesalazine 7500 mg orally and 7000 mg of the same formulation rectally [99 ]. He developed a headache, dizziness, nausea, and pain in the rectum. Colonoscopy showed diffuse hjrperemia and edema extending from the anal channel to the proximal rectal mucosa and a 1.5-cm... 

Essential oils in processed foods are used in very minute amounts of 10 ppm but can be 1000 ppm in mint confectionery or chewing gum (Fenaroli, 1997). This contrasts greatly with the use of drops of undiluted essential oils on sugar lumps for oral application or on suppositories in anal or vaginal application. Damage to mucous membranes could result due to the high concentration of the essential oils in certain areas of the applicator. 

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