Rectal formulation

It is used for the short-term treatment of inflammatory conditions, fever and pain, including musculoskeletal and joint disorders. Nimesulide is used as an oral or rectal formulation (up to 400 mg/day). 

Dosages and routes of administration Pentazocine is used as the hydrochloride or lactate in oral, parenteral and rectal formulations. Doses for the treatment of moderate to severe pain are in the range of 25-100 mg. 

Some opioids are available in rectal formulations, and administration via this route avoids the first-pass effect. If liver metabolism is sufficiently impaired, administration via this route would theoretically cause less of an increase in peak opioid levels. 

Both children and the elderly experience swallowing problems with oral formulations. A limited market already exists in pediatric therapeutics which addresses this problem. Although development of rectal formulations for the elderly has not been addressed extensively, with the expanding number of patients in this age group, the need for acceptable alternatives to oral dosing may increase efforts to develop rectal formulations. 

Glycofurol is used as a solvent in parenteral products for intravenous or intramuscular injection in concentrations up to 50% v/v. It has also been investigated, mainly in animal studies, for use as a penetration enhancer and solvent in topicah and intranasal formulations.Glycofurol has also been used at 20% v/v concentration in a rectal formulation. ... 

In cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical preparations, medium-chain triglycerides are used as a component of ointments, creams, and liquid emulsions. In rectal formulations, medium-chain triglycerides have been used in the preparation of suppositories containing labile materials. 

Suppository bases are generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials when used in rectal formulations. However, animal studies have suggested that some bases, particularly those types with a high hydroxyl value, may be irritant to... 

Also in otic, ophthalmic, and rectal formulations (Cortenema). Also in intrarectal foam (Cortifoam). 

Hanff LM, Rutten WJ (1996) Phannacokinetic aspects of rectal formulations of temazepam. Pharm World Sci 18(3) 114—119... 

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