Abortion, threatened

Progesterone Hormone produced naturally by corpus luteum, adrenals and placenta. Serum half-life is only a few minutes Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Sustaining pregnancy in threatening abortion... 

These are the agents which decrease uterine motility and have been used to delay or postpone labour and to arrest threatened abortion which is needed to allow fetus to mature. 

Isoxsuprine has a potent inhibitory effect on vascular and uterine smooth muscle and has been used in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea, threatened abortion, premature labour and peripheral vascular diseases. Adverse effects include nausea, tachycardia, flushing and dizziness. 

It is indicated in habitual abortion, failure of nidation, threatened abortion, premenstrual tension, metrorrhagia and threatened premature labour. 

Bleeding tendencies associated with active ulceration or overt bleeding Threatened abortion Inadequate laboratory facilities Spinal puncture... 

Epidemiological studies on the complications of the use of diethylstilbestrol in pregnancy will certainly produce new data as time goes on most of the data will probably continue to come from the USA and the Netherlands, where diethylstilbestrol was much more widely used to treat habitual or threatened abortion than elsewhere. In France 150 000-200 000 pregnancies were involved in the Netherlands, with a much smaller population, 180 000-380 000 pregnant women were treated with diethylstilbestrol up to 1976. 

Indigofera sanguinea N. E. Br. [cubhujeje, true indigo] (Papilionaceae) leaves and roots are nsed to treat threatened abortion (72). 

Ximenia americana L. umtfundvuluka, blue sourplum] (Olacaceae) stem and root bark concoction is used for threatened abortion. The root bark is also used for eye problems (12). 

In spite of this, therapentic nse in certain forms of internal bleedings, nenritis, skin diseases and threatened abortion has given promising results. 

For postpartum uterine bleeding or fetal leakage, i.e., threatened abortion, add Folium Artemisiae Argyii (Ai Ye) and Gelatinum Corii Asini (E Jiao). 

For threatened abortion, add Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis (Huang Qin) and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Bai Zhu). 

Progesterone has traditionally been indicated to treat habitual threatened abortion. However, its erratic absorption and rapid metabolism (tu2 = 5 min) does not allow effective blood levels to be achieved. Thus its usefulness for this application is questionable. 

The vitamin has also been routinely prescribed in cases of threatened abortion, thyroxidosis, achlorhydia, diarrhoea, prickly heat, rheumatic fever, rheumatic arthritis, and in cases of spinal injury to reduce urine acidity. The physiological basis of these therapeutic applications is not entirely clear except in the cases of achlorhydia and diarrhoea where there is a risk of anaemia caused by a reduction in the intestinal absorption of non-haem iron which is enhanced by vitamin C. 

Progesterone initially prepares the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg and prevents uterine contraction that would expel the fetus. Progesterone has been used in the past to prevent threatened abortion. In addition, it exerts effects on the secretory cells of the mammary glands. Progesterone competes with aldosterone and causes a decrease in sodium resorption therefore, it antagonizes aldosterone-induced sodium retention. It increases the body temperature and decreases the plasma level of many amino acids. 

Chashschin et al. (1994) reported increased incidences of congenital defects and spontaneous or threatened abortion in 758 Russian women who were employed in a nickel hydrometallurgical refining plant. They found congenital malformations in 17% of live-born infants of the nickel-... 

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