Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis creatine

Creatine has also been shown to be of some benefit in neurological and musculoskeletal diseases and conditions that involve muscle wasting or deterioration of muscle function, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, Huntington s disease, Parkinson s disease, andMcArdle s disease. 

Klivenyi P, Ferrante RJ, Matthews RT, Bogdanov MB, Klein AM, Andreassen OA, et al. Neuroprotective effects of creatine in a transgenic animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Med 1999 5(3) 347-350. 

Groenveld GJ, Veldink JH, Van der Tweel I, Kahnijn S, Beijer C, de Visser M, Wokke JH, Franssen H, van den Berg LH (2003) A randomized sequential trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 53 437 45. 

Khvenyi P, Kiaei M, Gardian G, Calingasan NY, Beal MF (2004) Additive nemoprotective effects of creatine and cyclooxygenase2 inhibitors in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Nemochem 88 576-582. 

Shefner J, Cudkowicz ME, Shoenfeld D, Conrad T, Taft J, Chilton M, Urbinelli L, Qureshi M, Zhang H, Pestronk A, Caress J, Donofrio P, Sorenson E, Bradley W, Loemen-Hoerth C, Pioro E, Rezania K, Ross M, Pascuzzi R, Heimann-Patterson T, Tandan R, Mitsumoto H, Rothstein J, Smith-Palmer T, MacDonald D, Burke D (2004) A clinical trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 63(9) 1656-1661. 

In addition, however, to the expected and nonspecific effect of the reduced muscle mass, there may be, in muscular dystrophy, an inability of the remaining muscles to hold creatine to a normal degree (F4) in Duchenne or fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, but not in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there was a more rapid fall in the specific activity of urinary creatinine after the administration of creatine- C. Dystrophic mouse muscle contains a reduced amount of creatine (F5), and this animal provides a convenient tool for investigating any abnormalities in the handing of creatine by dystrophic muscle. Recent studies by Fitch and Rahmanian (F3) showed that entry of creatine- C into isolated skeletal muscle preparations was accelerated in the dystrophic mouse, thus implying that the low creatine content of the dystrophic muscle is due to a more rapid loss of this compound. From further work (F2), the authors concluded that this is due not to an increased membrane permeability to creatine, but to an impaired exchange between creatine with access to the membrane and creatine in a relatively inaccessible form. 

Andreassen, O.A., B.G. Jenkins, A. Dedeoglu, K.L. Ferrante, M.B. Bogdanov, R. Kaddurah-Daouk, and M.F. Beal, Increases in cortical glutamate concentrations in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice are attenuated by creatine supplementation. J Neurochem, 77 383-390, 200L... 

Drory, V.E. and D. Gross, No effect of creatine on respiratory distress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord, 3 43 6, 2002. 

Mazzini, L., C. Balzarini, R. Colombo, G. Mora, 1. Pastore, R. De Ambrogio, and M. Caligari, Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance and muscular strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis preliminary results. J Neurol Sci, 191 139-144, 2001. 

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