Amyl group

The alkylated anthraquinone process accounts for over 95% of the world production of H202, mainly because the it operates under mild conditions and direct contact of 02 and H2 is avoided. In this process, 2-alkylanthraquinone (the alkyl group is typically an ethyl, terf-butyl or amyl group) is dissolved in a mixture of a non-polar solvent (C9-Cn alkylbenzene) and a polar solvent [Trioctyl phosphate (TOP), or tetrabutyl urea (TBU) or diisobutyl carbinol (DIBC)] and then hydrogenated over a precious metal (Pd or Ni) catalyst in a three-phase reactor (trickle bed or slurry bubble column) under mild reaction conditions (<5bar, <80 °C) to generate 2-alkylanthrahydroquinone [1-3, 5], The latter is then auto-oxidized with air in a... 

Fig. 11.5 Two orientations of the iso-amyl group in the clathrate structure shown in Fig. 11.4. Dark bonds correspond to the more populated orientation (70%), the other part has 30% of site occupancy. Two projections are given perpendicular to the N-C-C fragment and parallel to it [4],...

When alkylammonium salts are recrystallized from water, they often form solids with very low melting points (Fowler et al., 1940). An example is (iso-Am)4N+.F- 40 H20 whose structure (Feil and Jeffrey, 1961) shows that the amyl groups are held in cages of water molecules located tetrahedrally around the N+-charge centre of the onium ion (Fig. 11). Similar structures are observed in tetra-n-butylammonium (McMullan et al., 1963 Bonamico et al., 1962) and tri-n-butylsulphonium salt hydrates (Beurskens and Jeffrey, 1964). 

Amylic Group, The active amyl alcohol has the formula ... 

Use Solvent, organic synthesis (introduction of active amyl group), lubricants, plasticizers, additives for oils and paints. 

L-(+)-Tartaric acid was converted to A, the known intermediate used in the synthesis of exo-brevicomin (cf. Figure 4.14). Substitution of the tosyloxy group of A with an Ao-amyl group yielded B, which was finally converted to (7,R,8S)-(- -)-disparlure (85). When the tosyloxy group of A was replaced with an octyl group, C was obtained, and it later gave (7S, 8/ )-(-)-disparlure (85 ). We synthesized 5.2 g of (+)-85 and... 

These principles having been established, Le Bel then reviewed the organic compounds corresponding to the lactate, tartrate and amyl groups, as well as the sugars. In the light of his second principle he examined derivatives of ethylene, but clearly lacked the data to advance his stereochemical ideas in this area. In his article Le Bel proposed a theory which in fact examines the origin of chirality and forms the basis of asymmetric synthesis When a dissymmetric body is formed in a reaction where only symmetric bodies have been introduced in each others presence, the two isomers of inverse... 

Dlamylamine is a colorless to straw-colored liquid with an ommaniacal odor, which is composed of a mixture of amyl isomers. It is soluble in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl ethers, ethyl acetate, acetone, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, fixed oils, mineral oil, oleic and stearic acids. It is insoluble in water and while soluble in hot paraffin and carnauba waxes, these solidify an coaling. It is a solvent for ails, resins, and some cellulose esters. Introduction of the amyl group imparts oil solubility to otherwise oil-insoluble substances. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor, and in chemical synthesis. 

Anionic polymerization initiators can function in two different ways. In the simplest case, the added initiator contains the actual polymerization-initiating species. For example, in the polymerization of styrene induced by potassium amyl, styrene adds directly onto the amyl anion the amyl group becomes one of the end groups of the polymer ... 

Amyl group (Section 3.3) An alternative name for a pentyl group. 

L, S, and B refer to long branches, saturated end groups, and short branches m, s, b, and a repre,scnt methyl, ethyl, butyl, and amyl groups, respectively the Greek letter describes the position along the chain of the nearest substituent CHh and CHy represent the H-links and Y-type branchc produced by UV irradiation, respectively. 

At present the most important resins of this group are the oil-soluble thermoplastics produced fi-oia forntaldehyde and substituted phenols, such as those containing phenyl, tertiary butyl, and tertiary amyl groups in the para position. These resins find use in arnishes and other coating compounds, where they are characterized by their hardness, elasticity, and resistance to exterior exposure. 

---