Ammonium iodid

Members of Classes (i), (ii) and (iv) usually react readily with methyl iodide to give methiodides, i.e., quaternary ammonium iodides. 

The interaction of iodoaobenzene and iodoxybenzene in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide yields the soluble diphenyllodonium iodate (IV) upon adding potassium iodide solution, the sparingly soluble diphenyliodonium iodide (V), analogous to ammonium iodide is precipitated ... 

Methiodides. Methyl iodide reacts with tertiary amines to form the crystalline quaternary ammonium iodide (methiodide) ... 

Benzyltnmethyl ammonium iodide (a quaternary ammonium salt)... 

The halide anion of quaternary ammonium iodides may be replaced by hydroxide by treatment with an aqueous slurry of silver oxide Silver iodide precipitates and a solu tion of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide is formed... 

Quaternary ammonium iodide Silver oxide Water Quaternary ammonium hydroxide Silver iodide... 

B, acetic acid and an alkali acetate, often plus a tetraalkyl ammonium iodide... 

In the 1,6-elimination of j -trimethy1si1y1methy1henzy1trimethy1 ammonium iodide with tetrabutylammonium fluoride, yields as high as 56% have been reported (18). The starting materials are not readily accessible, however, and are cosdy. 

Solutions of alkah metal and ammonium iodides in Hquid iodine are good conductors of electricity, comparable to fused salts and aqueous solutions of strong acids. The Hquid is therefore a polar solvent of considerable ionising power, whereas its own electrical conductivity suggests that it is appreciably ionized, probably into I" and I (triodide). Iodine resembles water in this respect. The metal iodides and polyiodides are bases, whereas the iodine haHdes are acids. 

A number of 2eohtic materials have been claimed to cataly2e this reaction and reaction temperatures are on the order of 200—350°C with pressures as high as 18000 kPa (2600 psi) reported. This is a low conversion process and recycle of the unconverted starting materials is necessary to provide an economical process. Amination of ethylene to produce ethylamines cataly2ed by ammonium iodide is reported, but not beheved to be practiced commercially (15,16). Alkyl Halide Amination (Method 7). The oldest technology for pioducing amines is the reaction of ammonia with an alkyl hahde. This... 

Ammonium chloride [12125-02-9] NH Q, ammonium bromide [12124-97-9] NH Br, and ammonium iodide [12027-06-4] NH I, are crystalline, ionic compounds of formula wts 53.49, 97.94, and 144.94, respectively. Their densities d systematically foUow the increase in formula weight 1.53, 2.40, and 2.52. AH three exist in two crystal modifications (10) the chloride, bromide, and iodide have the CsQ stmcture below temperatures of 184.5, 137.8, and — 17.6°C, respectively each reversibly transforms to the NaQ. stmcture at higher temperatures. 

The heat of formation of ammonium chloride from the elements is 317 kJ /mol (75.8 kcal/mol) it is 175 kJ /mol (41.9 kcal/mol) from gaseous ammonia and gaseous hydrogen chloride. The heat of formation of ammonium bromide from the elements, bromine in the Hquid form, is 273 kJ /mol (65.3 kcal/mol) for ammonium iodide, the corresponding heat of formation is 206 kJ /mol (49.3 kcal/mol). Iodine is in the soHd state. 

Manufacture. Ammonium bromide and Ammonium iodide are manufactured either by the reaction of ammonia with the corresponding hydrohahc acid or, more economically, by the reaction of ammonia with elemental bromine or iodine. In the latter reaction, an excess of ammonia must be used. 

Economic Aspects and Uses. Ammonium bromide is available as a dry technical grade or as 38 to 45% solutions. It is used to manufacture chemical Hitermediates, and Hi photographic chemicals it also has some flame retardant appHcations. In June 1991, its price was quoted as 2.66/kg. Ammonium iodide has limited use Hi photographic and pharmaceutical preparations. 

Unloaded silica does not recover HPA from aqueous solution. The surface of silica gel modified with quarternary ammonium salts (QAS) gets anion-exchange properties. The aim of the work is the elaboration of solid-phase reagents on the base of ion associate of HPA with QAS immobilized onto silica surface for the determination of phosphoms and organic reductants. Heterocyclic (safranine and lucigenine) and aliphatic (trinonyloctadecyl ammonium iodide and tetradecyl ammonium nitrate) compounds have been examined as QAS. 

Ammonium iodide [12027-06-4] M 144.9, sublimes with dec -405 , d 2.51. Crystd from EtOH by addition of ethyl iodide. Very hygroscopic. Stored in the dark. 

Butyryl choline iodide [(2-butyryloxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium iodide] [2494-56-6] M 301.7, m 85-89", 87", 93-94". Recrystd from isoPrOH or Et20. [Tammelin Acta Chem Scand 10 145 1956.] The perc/i/orate has m 72° (from isoPrOH). [Aldridge Biochem J 53 62 / 953.]... 

S-Butyryl thiocholine iodide [(2-butyrylmercaptoethyl)trimethyl ammonium iodide] [1866-16-6] M 317.2, m 173", 173-176". Recrystd from propan-l-ol and dried in vacuo store in the dark under N2. The bromide has m 150° (from Me2CO) or m 140-143° (from butan-l-ol). [Gillis Chem and Ind (London) 111 1957 Hansen Acta Chem Scand 11 537 1957.]... 

The Icitiary amines unite tilli the alkj 1 loiliilc to foiiii ilu C uaLeinaiy ammonium iodide, uhich is proiluced at llm sum time as the other products. 

Ammonium acetate Ammonium adipate Ammonium benzoate Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium biflluoride Ammonium binoxalate Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium bitartrate Ammonium tetraborate Ammonium bromide Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chloride Ammonium citrate Ammonium diclnomate Ammonium fluoride Ammonium fluorosilicate Ammonium gluconate Ammonium iodide Ammonium molybdate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium oxalate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picrate Ammonium polysulfide Ammonium salicylate Ammonium stearate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium sulfide (hydrosulfide) Ammonium tartrate Ammonium tliiocyanate Ammonium thiosulfate... 

An interesting case of the benzannulated B, N complex is species 58 (X = C1) (00AGE948), prepared from [(OC)Os(PPh3)2Cl(BCl2)] and 8-aminoquinoline. It reacts with tetra- -butyl ammonium iodide and forms 58 (X = I). 

Primary, secondary and tertiary amines can serve as starting materials. The amine, e.g. 1, is first treated with excess methyl iodide, to generate the quaternary ammonium iodide 5. Subsequent treatment with silver oxide in water gives the corresponding ammonium hydroxide 2 ... 

Ammonium-ferrisulfat, n. ammonium iron(III). sulfate, ferric ammonium sulfate, -ferro-sulfat, n. ammonium iron(II) sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, -jodat, n. ammonium iodate. -jodid, n. ammonium iodide, -platinchlorid, n. ammonium platinichloride (chloroplatinate). -rest, m. ammonium radical. rhodanid, -rhodantir, n. ammonium thiocyanate, -salpeter, m. ammonium nitrate, -salz, n. ammonium s t. -selfe,/. ammonia soap, -sulfhydrat, n. ammonium hydrosulfide, -sulfocyanid, n. ammonium thiocyanate, -verbindung,/. ammonium compound, -zinn-chlorid, n. ammonium chlorostannate, pink salt. 

Solid ammonium iodide decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen iodide gases at sufficiently high temperatures. 

The equilibrium constant for foe decomposition at 673 K is 0.215. Fifteen grams of ammonium iodide are sealed in a 5.0-L flask and heated to 673 K... 

Woodward s strychnine synthesis commences with a Fischer indole synthesis using phenylhydrazine (24) and acetoveratrone (25) as starting materials (see Scheme 2). In the presence of polyphosphor-ic acid, intermediates 24 and 25 combine to afford 2-veratrylindole (23) through the reaction processes illustrated in Scheme 2. With its a position suitably masked, 2-veratrylindole (23) reacts smoothly at the ft position with the Schiff base derived from the action of dimethylamine on formaldehyde to give intermediate 22 in 92% yield. TV-Methylation of the dimethylamino substituent in 22 with methyl iodide, followed by exposure of the resultant quaternary ammonium iodide to sodium cyanide in DMF, provides nitrile 26 in an overall yield of 97%. Condensation of 2-veratryl-tryptamine (20), the product of a lithium aluminum hydride reduction of nitrile 26, with ethyl glyoxylate (21) furnishes Schiff base 19 in a yield of 92%. 

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