Ammonium alum salts

Eisen-alaun, m. iron alum (ferric potassium sulfate), -amiant, m. (Iron) fibrous silica.. ammonaiauQ, m. ammonium ferric alum.. ammonaiaunldsuQg, /. solution of ammonium iron salt, esp. ammonium ferric alum. -antimonerZ) n., -antimonglanz, m. berthier-ite. 

Precipitate with aq. ammonia. Evaporate the soln. down to about 100 c.c., and filter the ot liquid so as to remove calcium sulphate. The cone. soln. is sat. with ammonium alum and allowed to stand for some time. The mixed crystals of potassium, rubidium, and oeesium alums and of lithium salt are dissolved in 100 c.c. of distilled water and recrystal-lized. The recrystallization is repeated until the crystals show no spectroscopic reaction for potassium or lithium. The yield naturally depends on the variety of lepidolite employed. 100. grms of an average sample gives about 10 grms. of crude crystals and about 3 grms. of the purified caesium and rubidium alums. For the purification of caesium and rubidium salts, see the chlorides. The mother-liquors are treated with an excess of barium carbonate, boiled, and filtered. The filtrate is acidified with hydrochloric acid, and evaporated to dryness. The residue is extracted with absolute alcohol in which lithium chloride is soluble, and the other alkali chlorides are sparingly soluble. 

Ammonium ferri-sulphite, NH4.Fe(S03)S04.H20, may be obtained by treating ferric ammonium alum with ammonium hydrogen sulphite. It crystallises in slender, yellow needles which are but slightly soluble in cold and hot water. Prolonged boiling decomposes the salt. 

Gypsum barite blue vitriol Epsom salt alum ammonium alum chrome alum other sulfates. 

About 2 gm. benzyl iodide are weighed into a flask and then 50 ml. 20% alcoholic potash solution are added and the mixture refluxed for about an hour. At the completion of the saponification the contents of the flask are allowed to cool and then transferred to a 500-ml. flask and made up to volume with water. 100 ml. of the resulting solution are placed in a distillation flask and distilled in steam after adding 10 gm. ferric ammonium alum and acidifying with sulphuric acid. By this treatment, the ferric salt is converted to the ferrous condition, liberating iodine which is distilled over into 5% potassium iodide solution. At the end of the distillation, the free iodine in the potassium iodide solution is titrated with a decinormal solution of sodium thiosulphate. From this, the amount of iodine and so the quantity of benzyl iodide in the sample may be calculated. 

Ammonium alum-water-elhenol Salting out 1.0 Increased residence time had so effect na ciystal size disiribution... 

Ammonium alum-water-ethanol Salting out 2.0 Used MSMPR theory to analyze data. Secondary nucleation effects not accounted for... 

The analogous ammonixam salt (NH4)3 [Cr(SCN)e] 4 HgO is obtained in the same manner, except that reaction in the solution of NH4SCN and chromium ammonium alum takes place only after a brief period of boiling. 

Sulfuric acid, aluminum ammonium salt (2 1 1), dodecahydrate. See Ammonium alum Sulfuric acid, aluminum potassium salt (2 1 1). See Potassium alum anhydrous Sulfuric acid, aluminum potassium salt (2 1 1), dodecahydrate. See Potassium alum dodecahydrate... 

Introduce the benzoic acid residue as the sodium salt into a boiling-tube and heat in a beaker of boiling brine until the liquid is driven off and all drops of condensation water have disappeared. Cool, add 0 1 g of potassium nitrate and 1 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid. Place the tube in boiling water for twenty minutes. Cool and add 2 ml of water. Hold the tube under running water and add carefully 10 ml of 15 per cent ammonia solution followed by 2 ml of a 2 per cent hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. Mix well and place in a beaker of water at 65° for five to six minutes. Cool and match the colour with that developed by mixing the amounts of iron ammonium alum and potassium thiocyanate solution given below for varying quantities of benzoic acid. 

The sulfate ion (S04 ), though a simple dianionic ligand, exhibits a rather flexible symmetry and variable mode of binding with metal ions in the crystalline state. Interest in metal sulfate interactions with the hydra-zinium cation arises from the fact that these compounds exhibit one- and three-dimensional magnetic interactions of a linear-chain antiferromag-net. Dihydrazinium sulfate forms a series of double sulfates with divalent and trivalent cation that are well crystallized and, in a few instances, are even less soluble than hydrazinium sulfate itself. The most easily prepared double sulfates are those of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Li, Mg, Al, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm. These salts are similar to the ammonium alums obtained with some metal sulfates. In contrast to the ammonium double salts, the hydrazinium metal sulfates of first row transition elements and lithium crystallize without water, whereas the lighter lanthanides and aluminum form hydrated salts. 

In the industrial world, alum usually refers to simple aluminum sulfate terms such as potash (potassium) alum and ammonium alum designate the double salts. 

Aznmoniak, n. ammonia (in old names of salts equivalent to ammonium, as salzsaures —, ammonium chloride) ammoniac, -alaun, m. ammonia alum. 

The rotation of the ammonium ion in salts at ordinary temperatures provides justification for the customary treatment of the ion as spherically symmetrical in the theoretical discussion of the structure of ionic crystals. Further, the rotation of molecules such as NHj and H20 about symmetry axes accounts for the fact that these molecules occupy positions in crystals with symmetry elements not compatible with those of the non-rotating molecule. Thus in Ni(NH3)6CU the NHj molecules lie on four-fold axes, and in alum the H2O molecules on three-fold axes. The rotation of the molecules,... 

Having treated this subject more in the manner of a poet than a scientist [savant], the result is that it is difficult to know exactly his [Dumas s] thought.. . . Whether this statue should be in bronze, in marble, or in ivory the material is of little importance, says M. Dumas it is always the same statue, the same type. In effect, it little matters that this sulfate is a salt of copper, or of lead or of iron it always belongs to the sulfate type. But where do we stop ammonium sulfate, sulfuric ether, alum, do they belong to the sulfate type 54... 

Synonyms alum, cake alum (the term alum also refers to aqueous solutions of this substance, as well as other hydrate salts containing varying number of waters of crystaUization also the term alum apphes to a whole class of sulfate double salts, such as potassium aluminum sulfate or ammonium aluminum... 

Although the latter had previously overlooked the new earth because of its similarity to alumina, he found in 1798 that the hydroxide that precipitates when caustic potash is added to an acid solution of the beryl does not dissolve in an excess of the alkali. It also differs from alumina in other respects, for it forms no alum, it dissolves in ammonium carbonate, and its salts have a sweet taste. Vauquelin s paper read before the French Academy on le 26 pluviose an VI of the Revolutionary Calendar, or the fifteenth of February, 1798 (6, 23), proved that, except for a little chromium in the emerald, the two gems have the same composition and that they contain a new earth, a sample of which he presented to the Academy. At the suggestion of the editors of the Annales de Chimie et de Physique, he called the new earth glucina, meaning sweet. The specimen of beryl that Vauquelin analyzed was presented to him by... 

Chlorides, bromides, and iodides can be quantitatively determined by treatment with silver nitrate, and, with suitable precautions, the precipitated halide is washed, dried, and weighed. Chlorides in neutral soln. can be determined by F. Mohr s volumetric process 27 by titration with a standard soln. of silver nitrate with a little potassium chromate or sodium phosphate as indicator. When all the chloride has reacted with the silver nitrate, any further addition of this salt gives a yellow coloration with the phosphate, and a red coloration with the chromate. In J. Volhard s volumetric process, the chloride is treated with an excess of an acidified soln. of silver nitrate of known concentration. The excess of silver nitrate is filtered from the precipitated chloride, and titrated with a standard soln. of ammonium thiocyanate, NH4CN8—a little ferric alum is used as indicator. When the silver nitrate is all converted into thiocyanate AgN03-fNH4CNS=AgCNS +NH4NOS, the blood-red coloration of ferric thiocyanate appears. 

---