Amines oxidations, sodium dodecyl sulfate

Ethoxylated methylcarboxylates Propoxyethoxy glyceryl sulfonate Alkylpropoxyethoxy sulfate as surfactant, xanthan, and a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate Carboxymethylated ethoxylated surfactants (CME) Polyethylene oxide (PEG) as a sacrificial adsorbate Polyethylene glycols, propoxylated/ethoxylated alkyl sulfates Mixtures of sulfonates and nonionic alcohols Combination of lignosulfonates and fatty amines Alkyl xylene sulfonates, polyethoxylated alkyl phenols, octaethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether, and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride Anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TTAC), nonionic pentadecylethoxylated nonylphenol (NP-15), and nonionic octaethylene glycol N-dodecyl ether Dimethylalkylamine oxides as cosurfactants and viscosifiers (N-Dodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide Petrochemical sulfonate and propane sulfonate of an ethoxylated alcohol or phenol Petrochemical sulfonate and a-olefin sulfonate... 

In a previous publication ( ), results were presented on the micellar properties of binary mixtures of surfactant solutions consisting of alkyldimethylamine oxide (C12 to Cig alkyl chains) and sodium dodecyl sulfate. It was reported that upon mixing, striking alteration in physical properties was observed, most notably in the viscosity, surface tension, and bulk pH values. These changes were attributed to 1) formation of elongated structures, 2) protonation of amine oxide molecules, and 3) adsorption of hydronium ions on the mixed micelle surface. In addition, possible solubilisation of a less soluble 1 1 complex, form between the protonated amine oxide and the long chain sulfate was also considered. 

Similar conditions have been applied to the ring-opening of meso epoxides using amines. Bismuth triflate catalyzes the reaction of cyclohexene oxide 64 with p-bromoaniline under aqueous conditions to provide the P-aminoalcohol 65 in 84% yield. In this particular case, the water solubility of the starting materials required the use of a micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) however, more soluble amines eould be employed in water and bismuth triflate alone <04TL49>. A lanthanide variant has also been reported. Thus, treatment of 64... 

Many surfactants are made from petroleum with hazardous reagents. Sulfur trioxide was used with the carcinogen benzene to make the alkylbenzenesulfonates described earlier. The carcinogen ethylene oxide is used to make many nonionic surfactants from phenols and long-chain alcohols. A common surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, is made from an alcohol derived from coconut oil by reduction followed by treatment with sulfur trioxide. Long-chain tertiary amines derived from natural fats and oils are quat-ernized with methyl chloride. Perhaps this can be done with... 

Bismuth is another example of nonrecommended cation by Table 8.1. It is also one of the most investigated metal triflate catalysts in organic reactions. Ollevier and Lavie-Compin used Bi(OTf)3 as catalyst for the Mannich reaction in water [28], Cyclohexene oxide was treated with amines such as p-methylaniline to isolate the corresponding p-amino alcohols in good yields (Equation (8.10)). Sterically more hindered anilines such as o-methylaniline also led to the alcohols in good yield (SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate). 

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