Amines hexahydrates

Note Tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium compounds yield stronger colors than primary amines [25]. The dipping solution can also be used as spray solution [44]. Other reagent compositions have also been reported in the literature (1, 3, 6, 12, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 41] In some cases the reagents have been made up in acetone [38, 39], methanol [14] or ethanol [37] and/or acidified with hydrochloric acid [3, 33, 37-40]. The concentrations of hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid have been in the range of 0.05 -0.4 those of potassium iodide between 0.5 and 24spray solution containing 2% potassium iodide and 0.23170 hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid hexahydrate in N-hydro-chloric acid is reported to yield the best coloration results with respect to detection sensitivity and color differentiation in the detection of morphine, codeine, quinine, methadone and cocaine [46]. Acidic reagent solutions have been recommended for benzodiazepines [10, 11]. Sulfones do not react [39]. 

Table 1 Selected result of the epoxidation using iron trichloride hexahydrate, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, and an organic amine...

Most of the complexes were conveniently prepared by the reaction in ethanol of the appropriate ligand with hydrated nickel perchlorate which had sometimes been dehydrated previously by stirring it with an excess of 2,2-dimethoxypropane or triethyl orthoformate. It must be remembered that transition metal perchlorate complexes with amines are potentially hazardous and can explode even under mild conditions. Safety precautions must be used in preparations Ni(C104)2(H20)2 has been prepared by carefully heating the hexahydrate under vacuum at about 100 °C.1584... 

A very simple yet elegant method for efficient epoxidation of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes was presented by Beller and coworkers [63, 64], FeCl3 hexahydrate in combination with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic add and various organic amines gave a highly reactive and selective catalyst system. An asymmetric variant (for epoxidations of trans-stilbene and related aromatic alkenes) was published recently [65] using N-monosulfonylated diamines as chiral ligands (Scheme 3.7). 

Urushibara Co catalysts can be prepared exactly in the same way as the corresponding Ni catalysts, using cobalt chloride hexahydrate instead of nickel chloride hexahydrate as starting material. Similarly as with Raney catalysts, Urushibara Co has been found to be more effective and selective than Urushibara Ni in the hydrogenation of nitriles, affording high yields of primary amines.105,106... 

Nickel peroxide, an undefined black oxide of nickel, is prepared from nickel sulfate hexahydrate by oxidation in alkaline medium with an ozone-oxygen mixture [929] or with sodium hypochlorite [930, 931, 932, 933]. Its main applications are the oxidation of aromatic side chains to carboxyls [933], of allylic and benzylic alcohols to aldehydes in organic solvents [929, 932] or to acids in aqueous alkaline solutions [929, 930, 932], and of aldehydes to acids [934, the conversion of aldehyde or ketone hydrazones into diazo compounds [935] the dehydrogenative coupling of ketones in the a positions with respect to carbonyl groups [931] and the dehydrogenation of primary amines to nitriles or azo compounds [936]. 

To a solution of the azide (617 mg, 1.43 mmol) in methanol/THF (30 mL, 3 1) at 0 °C was added nickel dichloride hexahydrate (542 mg, 2.28 nunol) followed by sodium borohydride (248 mg, 6.57 mmol) over 10 min. After 30 min, the black mixture was allowed to warm to 25 °C, diluted with EtOAc (40 mL), and filtered through Celite. The solution was further diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with brine (2 x 25 mL) and 0.01 M EDTA solution (1 x 25 mL, pH 7.5, K-phosphate buffer). After solvent removal in vacuo, the resulting oil was purihed by silica gel chromatography (100% EtOAc then EtOAc methanol, 12 1) to give 569 mg (98%) of the amine. 

Phenolic oxidative coupling. Oxidation of the phenolic amine (1) with 4.1 molar equivalents of ferric chloride hexahydrate gives 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyindole (2) in 10.6% yield. The amino nitrogen can also be substituted by an alkyl group.1... 

CHLORURE PERRIQUE (French) (7705-08-0) Very hygroscopic contact with moisture in air forms ferric chloride hexahydrate. Aqueous solution is highly acidic, precipitating hydroxide and phosphate salts, and forming corrosive fumes. Violent reaction with strong bases, allyl chloride, bromine pentafluoride, ethylene oxide, oxygen difluoride. Shock- and friction-sensitive explosive is formed with potassium, sodium, potassium-sodium aUoy, and possibly with other active metals. Aqueous solution is incompatible with sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, amides, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. 

ZINC NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE (7779-88-6) Noncombustible, but will enhance the combustibility of other materials. Many chemical reactions can cause fire and explosions. A strong oxidizer. Violent reaction with reducing agents, strong oxidizers, combustible materials, organic substances, metallic powders, acetic anhydride, tert-butylhydroperoxide, carbon, di-methylformamide, metal cyanides, metal sulfides, phosphorus, sodium acetylide, sulfur, thiocyanates. Incompatible with amines, ammonium hexacyanoferrate(II), boranes, cyanides, citric acid, esters, hydrazinium perchlorate, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, nitrosyl perchlorate, organic azides, organic bases, sodium thiosulfate, sulfamic acid. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. 

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