Amines acids with maleic anhydride

A corrosion inhibitor with excellent film-forming and film-persistency characteristics is produced by first reacting Cig unsaturated fatty acids with maleic anhydride or fumaiic acid to produce the fatty acid Diels-Alder adduct or the fatty acid-ene reaction product [31]. This reaction product is further reacted in a condensation or hydrolyzation reaction with a polyalcohol to form an acid-anhydride ester corrosion inhibitor. The ester may be reacted with amines, metal hydroxides, metal oxides, ammonia, and combinations thereof to neutralize the ester. Surfactants may be added to tailor the inhibitor formulation to meet the specific needs of the user, that is, the corrosion inhibitor may be formulated to produce an oil-soluble, highly water-dispersible corrosion inhibitor or an oil-dispersible, water-soluble corrosion inhibitor. Suitable carrier solvents may be used as needed to disperse the corrosion inhibitor formulation. 

The epoxidised polybutadiene resins available to date are more viscous than the diglycidyl ethers except where volatile diluents are employed. They are less reactive with amines but have a similar reactivity with acid anhydride hardeners. Cured resins have heat distortion temperatures substantially higher than the conventional amine-cured diglycidyl ether resins. A casting made from an epoxidised polybutadiene hardened with maleic anhydride and cured for two hours at 50°C plus three hours at 155°C plus 24 hours at 200°C gave a heat... 

To synthesize new surfactants, having incorporated both structural elements, the known siloxanyl modified halogenated esters and ethers of dicyclopentadiene [5] were treated with different amines according to the reaction scheme. Triethylamine yielded quaternary ammonium salts directly. Alternatively, after reaction with diethylamine or morpholine, the isolated siloxanyl-modified tertiary amines were also converted to quaternary species. To obtain anionic surfactants, the halogenated precursors were initially reacted with n-propylamine. In subsequent reaction steps the secondary amines formed were converted with maleic anhydride into amides, and the remaining acid functions neutralized. Course and rate of each single reaction strongly depended on the structure of the initial ester or ether compound and the amine applied. The basicity of the latter played a less important role [6]. 

Reaction of 4-nitro-l-benzoyl chloride with benzocyclobutene 1 provided the benzoylated product 15 [36]. The nitro group of 15 was reduced with hydrogen in the presence of palladium on charcoal to afford he amine product 16 [44]. Reaction of the amine with maleic anhydride provided the amic acid which was converted to the maleimide 17 by cyclodehydration with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate at 95 °C [45-47], This monomer and its homo-polymer will be discussed in greater detail in a later section. 

Other chemical modifications pursued in our laboratories include metallation of the asphaltenes or halo-asphaltenes using metal or metallo-organics followed by, for example, carboxylation to the end product. Interaction of the asphaltenes with m-dinitrobenzene affords an oxygen-enriched material which, when treated with hydroxylamine or another amine yields materials containing extra nitrogen. Similarly, reaction of the asphaltenes with maleic anhydride and subsequent hydrolysis yields product bearing carboxylic acid functions. 

The same technique can be used to dye a material that is otherwise difficult to dye. An ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber was reacted first with maleic anhydride, then with an aromatic amine dye in an extruder to produce a dyed rubber.81 Dye sites can also be inserted into polyolefins by grafting them with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, using azo or peroxide catalysts in an extruder.82 jV-Vinylimidazole has been grafted to polyethylene in an extruder with the help of dicumylperoxide.83 The product was mixed with an acrylic acid-modified polypropylene and used to compatibilize polyethylene and polypropylene. This could be helpful in the recycling of mixed polyolefins from municipal solid waste. Recycling of cross-linked (thermoset) polymers is more of a problem because they cannot be remelted in an extruder. However, they can be if... 

The asphalt (Shell Venezuelan, 85-100 penetration) was modified chemically by heating with a small quantity of maleic anhydride or, in the case of sulfonation, with a sulfur trioxide-tertiary amine salt. The reaction with maleic anhydride appears to be slow but spontaneous even at 23°C, and apparently is catalyzed by Lewis acids (aluminum trichloride, for example). In some preparations the maleic anhydride was dissolved in the warm asphalt and heated with 0.5% dicumyl peroxide... 

XYLENE-a,a -DI AMINE or m-XYLYLENEDIAMINE (1477-55-0) CjHijNj Combustible Uquid (flash point 273°F/134°C oc Fire Rating 1). Incompatible with organic anhydrides, acids, acid anhydrides acid chlorides acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, cellulose nitrate, cresols, caprolactam solution, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, isocyanates, ketones, glycols, nitrates, phenols, vinyl acetate. Exothermic decomposition with maleic anhydride. Increases the explosive sensitivity of nitromethane. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Piuple-K-Powder), foam, or CO extinguishers. XYLENOL 235 (576-26-1) see 2,6-dimethylphenol. 

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