American Notes

Charles Dickens, American Notes for General Circulation (Leipzig Tauchnitz, 1842), pp. 281-297. Poe met Dickens in Philadelphia in 1842 during his tour of the United States. Joan Dayan, Poe, Persons, and Property, American Literary History ii (Fall 1999) 406-407, argues that The Pit and the Pendulum and The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether are based on Dickens description of the Eastern Penitentiary. 

Moses Roper, A Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper Prom American Slavery (1838 reprinted. New York Negro Universities Press, 1970), p. 48, for instance, describes not only having an iron collar around his neck but also irons on his feet. Dickens, American Notes, p. 286, describes slaves with irons around their ankles and necks. 

Fig. Ill-13. (a) Plots of molecular density versus distance normal to the interface a is molecular diameter. Upper plot a dielectric liquid. Lower plot as calculated for liquid mercury. (From Ref. 122.) (b) Equilibrium density profiles for atoms A and B in a rare-gas-like mixmre for which o,bb/ o,aa = 0.4 and q,ab is given by Eq. III-56. Atoms A and B have the same a (of Eq. m-46) and the same molecular weight of SO g/mol the solution mole fraction is jcb = 0.047. Note the strong adsorption of B at the interface. [Reprinted with permission from D. J. Lee, M. M. Telo de Gama, and K. E. Gubbins, J. Phys. Chem., 89, 1514 (1985) (Ref. 88). Copyright 1985, American Chemical Society.]...

Fig. XIII-4. Schematic diagram of a froth flotation cell. Note the mineralized bubble shown in the inset. [Reprinted with permission from P. Somasumdaran, Interfacial ChemisUy of Particulate Flotation. AIChE Symp. Sen, 71(150), 2 (1975) (Ref. 58). Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.]...

Examples of typical packaging labels from reagent grade chemicals. Label (a) provides the actual lot assay for the reagent as determined by the manufacturer. Note that potassium has been flagged with an asterisk ( ) because its assay exceeds the maximum limit established by the American Chemical Society (ACS). Label (b) does not provide assayed values, but indicates that the reagent meets the specifications of the ACS for the listed impurities. An assay for the reagent also is provided. 

Figure 8.3 Volume fraction polymer in equilibrium phases for chains of different length, (a) Theoretical curves drawn for the indicated value of n, with the interaction parameter as the ordinate. Note that x increases downward. (Redrawn from Ref. 6.) (b) Experimental curves for the molecular weights indicated, with temperature as the ordinate. [Reprinted with permission from A. R. Shultz and P. J. Flory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 4760 (1952), copyright 1952 by the American Chemical Society.]...

C. Barker, AAPG Continuing Education Course Note Series, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OMa., 1979, 10, 159 pp. 

Researchers had noted the release of formaldehyde by chemically treated fabric under prolonged hot, humid conditions (85,86). The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Test Method 112 (87), or the sealed-jar test, developed in the United States and used extensively for 25 years, measures the formaldehyde release as a vapor from fabric stored over water in a sealed jar for 20 hours at 49°C. The method can also be carried out for 4 hours at 65°C. Results from this test have been used to eliminate less stable finishes. 

It should be noted that the values for 100 percent do not agree with some data avadahle elsewhere, e.g., American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-HiU, New York, 1957. Also, see Atack, Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957. 

Table 10-49 and notes have been extracted from the Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping Code, AN81 B31.. 3-1980, with permission of the publisher, the American 8ociety of Mechanical Engineers, New York. 

Fig. 32-6. Pitot tubes for velocity determination. Source "Annual Book of Standards" (3). Note English units were used by the American Society for Testing and Materials.

Minorski, N. (1941) Note on the angular motion of ships. Trans. American Society of Mech. Eng., 63, pp. 111-120. 

The design practices compiled in this volume were derived firom the literature of the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), the American Petroleum Institute (API), the ANSI Codes, a review of company specific literature including company design practices and general publications, and the author s personal notes compiled over the years as a consultant and practicing engineer, as well as an instructor to Venezuelan refinery and chemical plant operations. 

McNeil, T.J., Weed, D.R. and Estrin, J., 1978. A note on modelling laboratory batch crystallizers. American Institution of Chemical Engineers Journal, 24(4), 728-731. 

Web sites www.cyanamid.com www.agro.basfcom Note Merger of American Cyanamid s agricultural products group with BASF agricultural products. 

Many researchers choose to buy expensive GPC/SEC columns from one of the major producers because that producer s columns had been used in the past or because of a successful marketing campaign by one particular producer. It should be noted that repacked columns can be obtained for a fraction of the cost of new columns. American Polymer Standards repacked columns are guaranteed to perform just as well as new columns from any company. When a column is repacked the only parts reused are the stainless-steel tube and end caps. This hardware is then repacked using new frits and new ST-DVB gel. Each column is individually tested in a quality control laboratory and shipped in the customer s choice of solvent. American Polymer Standards offers a column repacking service because it is a practical, inexpensive way for customers to acquire state of the art GPC/SEC columns. 

Figure 7.3 The positions occupied by LC and GC in a generic Type I phase diagram representing the mobile phase. Note that the GC mobile phase is shown as being composed of 100% component a, but this makes no difference chemically because there are no solute-mobile-phase interactions in GC. Reproduced by permission of the American Chemical Society.

Figure 7-42A. Detonation velocities for hydrogen/oxygen mixtures. Note detonation range compared to flammability range of 4% to 95%. By permission. Ref. [41]., Stuii, The Dow Chemical Co. and The American Institute of Chemical Engineers Monograph No. 10, Vol. 73 (1977).

Figure 8-142. Vapor cross-flow channeling. Note entrainment near tray middle and outlet, and weep near tray inlet. Used by permission, Kister, H. Z., Larson, K. F. and Madsen, P. E., The American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Chem Eng. Prog. V. 88, No. 11 (1992), p. 86, all rights reserved.

Figure 9-32A. Correlation of No. 2 Nutter Rings superficial capacity vs. wet pressure drop for 4 data sets and 3 separate tests. Note the 10 1 pressure drop range. Reproduced by permission from Nutter, D. E. and Perry, D., presented at New Orleans, La. meeting of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, March (1988), and by special permission of Fractionation Research, Inc. all rights reserved.

Figure 9-62. Flooding data for structured packings as reported by Billet [109]. Numbers following packing type indicate specific surface area in m /m. Reproduced by pennis-sion of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Fair, J. R. and Bravo, J. L., Chemical Engineering Progress, V. 86, No. 1 (1990) p. 19 all rights reserved. Note, Uq = vapor velocity, meters/sec.

Figure 9-98. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (data only), benzene-toluene. Diagram notes for this text by this author. Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Griswold, J., Anders, D., and Klein, V. A., Trans. AI.Ch.E. V. 39 (1943) p. 223 all rights reserved.

Figure 9-111. Typiccil effect of hot water temperature on tower characteristic, KaV/L at constant L, Ga wet buib temperature and packed height. Note L and G shown in chart are hourly rates. Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Kelly, N. W., and Swenson, L. K., Chemical Engineering Progress, V. 52, No. 7 (1956) p. 263 all rights reserved.

Reference should be made to Threshold Limit Values, Guidance Note EHl7/78, issued by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), or Industrial Ventilation (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). In all cases, proposals should be reviewed by and submitted to the relevant local authority agencies. 

Fig. 7.3.2 Comparison between the in vivo luminescence spectrum of a freshly exuded slime of Diplocardia longa and the in vitro luminescence spectrum measured with partially purified preparations of Diplocardia luciferin and luciferase. Reproduced from Bellisario et al., 1972, with permission from the American Chemical Society. Note that the in vitro emission maximum shifts to 490 nm when a sample of pure luciferin is used (Ohtsuka et al., 1976).

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