American National Institutes

In 1990, the technical committee CEN/TC 243 Cleanroom Technology was established under the umbrella of CEN, the European Committee for Standardization (founded by EU and EFTA). In 1991, the ISO/TC 209 was inaugurated at the request of the American National Institute for Standardization (ANSI). 

Further description of alternative models and their evaluation and validation is given by Blain et al. Validation exercises are taking place at the American National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEH), the International Life Science Institute/Health and Environmental Sciences Institute(ILSI/HESI), the Japanese Central Institute for Experimental Animals/ National Institute of Health Sciences (CIEA/NIHS), and the Dutch Public Institute for Safety and Environment (RIVM). 

The marketed spectra databases are sold by institutes, constructors of mass spectrometers, editors on CD-ROM, or by download. Publicity put aside, the two most well known are, by far, the NIST database (from the American National Institute of Standard and Technology) and the WILEY database (marketed by the famous scientific editor). These are databases that index mass spectra recorded in electron ionization at 70 eV. Generally speaking, the few marketed databases devoted to chemical ionization are not very reliable. With this soft ionization mode, the characteristics of spectra depend greatly on conditions of tanperature and pressure withiu the source. For that reason, spectral reproducibility in Cl from one mass spectrometer to another is generally mediocre. 

Standards Institution) in Germany, DIN (Deutsches Institut fur Normung), in the United States, ANSI (American National Standards Institute). 

Association Fran aise de Normalisation Association Fran aise des Techniciens du Petrole i American Institute of Chemical Engineers i American National Standards Institute aniline point... 

NIST, National Institute for Science and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards, U.S.). t A.P.I. is the American Petroleum Institute. 

Specifications, Standards, Quality Control, and Health and Safety Factors. Formerly, there was an Insulation Board Institute representing the insulation board industry, but the decline in the market and number of producers has led to its demise. Currently (ca 1997), the industry is represented by the American Hardboard Association (AHA). Specifications and standards are found in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for CellulosicFiberboard (7). The standard includes descriptions of the various types and classes of ftberboard, as well as requirements for physical and dimensional stabiUty properties. QuaUty control tests are limited to a few basic strength and stabiUty tests, including bending strength, bond strength, and moisture resistance. 

Hardwood and Decorative Plywood ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994, American National Standards Institute, New York, 1994. 

Storage and Handling ofMnhjdrousMmmonia, Bulletin K61.1, American National Standards Institute, Philadelphia, Pa., 1969. 

The Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films, issued by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ia 1989, is the method most used by iadustrial fire-retardant finishers (ca 1993) (50). It has been approved by the American National Standards Institute. 

Several countries have developed their own standard test methods for cellular plastics, and the International Organization for Standards (ISO) Technical Committee on Plastics TC-61 has been developing international standards. Information concerning the test methods for any particular country or the ISO procedures can be obtained in the United States from the American National Standards Institute. The most complete set of test procedures for cellular plastics, and the most used of any in the world, is that developed by the ASTM these procedures are pubUshed in new editions each year (128). There have been several reviews of ASTM methods and others pertinent to cellular plastics (32,59,129—131). 

To efficiendy drive the development of improved substrate materials, the limiting values of birefringence have to be known this is especially tme for WORM and EOD(MOR) substrate disks. These limit values were laid down by the ANSI (American National Standard Institute) Technical Standard Committee (186—188). For 5.25 in. WORM disks, the ANSI document X 3 B 11/88-144 recommends a maximum LEP value of 9% this corresponds to an optical path difference perpendicular to the plane of the disk of not more than 80 nm/mm (double path). For 5.25 in. EOD(MOR) disks, more stringent conditions apply (ANSI-document X 3 B 11/88-049), which also allow calculation of the allowed range. 

One of the most significant laser safety standards is that developed by the Z-136 committee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) (55). Although it is voluntary, many organi2ations use the ANSI standard. It contains a number of items including a recommendation for maximum permissible levels of exposure to laser radiation for various wavelengths, exposure durations, and different parts of the body separation of lasers into four different classes according to the level of ha2ard they present and recommendation of safety practices for lasers in each of the classes. 

ANSI Reporter and Standards Action American National Standards Institute The monthly M/V.97 Eeporternews of poHcy-level actions on standardization taken by ANSI, the international organizations to which it belongs, and the government. Standards Fiction biweekly, Hsts for pubHc review and comment standards proposed for ANSI approval. It also reports on final approval actions on standards, newly pubUshed American National Standards, and proposed actions on national and international technical work. These two pubHcations replace The Magafine of Standards which ANSI, formerly The American Standards Association, discontinued in 1971. 

American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, 13th floor New York, NY 10036... 

Identification of Piping Systems, American National Standards Institute, New York, A13.1,1981 Chemical Plant and Refiney Piping, B31.3,1990 Precautionay Eabeling of Ha rdous Industrial Chemicals, Z129.1,1988. 

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