Amberlyst 15, properties

AmberlySt 15, properties, 44t Amine resins, catalyst deactivation, 98... 

Amberlyst BD20 is a patent-pending catalyst mannfactured by Rohm and Haas Company. Its key properties are listed in Table 32.1. Figure 32.1 below shows a micrograph of the actual catalyst. 

Methyl N—phenylcarbamatc was synthesized by a stoichiometric reaction between aniline and methyl chloroformate according to a known procedure [4]. After vacuum distillation at 90—95 °C and 0.5 torr, MPC was obtained with a 97% yield and a 99% purity. Amberlyst 15 and 36, and Amberlite 120, are commercial products of Rohm and Haas. Their characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Amberlyst 36 is known to have properties similar to Amberlyst 15 and a better thermal stability. Nafion NR 50 were purchased from Alfa. 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS MACRORETICULAR RESINS Audjerlyst- Amberlyst- Auiberlyst- Aa erlyst- Amberlyst- Aniberlite-... 

We evaluated both gel and macroreticular types of styrene-divinyl-benzene (DVB) and acrylate-DVB strong base anion-exchange resins, all having quaternary ammonium groups attached to the polymer backbone. We used commercially available resins, specifically those of Rohm and Haas Amberlyst A-26, Amberlite IRA-400, Amberlyst XE-279, and Amberlite IRA-458 (all in the chloride form). The A-26 and IRA-400 resins contain styrene-DVB skeletal structures, with IRA-400 being a gel-type resin and A-26 the macroreticular resin. Resins IRA-458 and XE-279 contain acrylate-DVB skeletal structures, where IRA-458 is a gel-type resin and XE-279 a macroreticular resin. These studies compare the properties of the borohydride form of these resins with sodium and tetraethylammonium borohydride. 

Keywords Biodiesel Eleostearic acid Esterification by Amberlyst-15 Fuel properties Response surface methodology Tung oil... 

As tung oil has a high acid value (AV), the esterification using solid acid catalyst, Amberlyst-15, was employed to produce biodiesel more efficiently. Optimal condition of methanol and catalyst for the esterification was established by response surface methodology. The fuel properties of tung biodiesel produced from pretreated tung oil by alkali catalyst were analyzed. 

GVL 73, itself a potential biofuel, is also a starting material for pentanoate esters ( valeric biofuels ) that have been shown to have outstanding fuel properties [213]. GVL-derived pentanoic acid 80 can be catalytically upgraded by decarboxylative ketonization to 5-nonanone 81, which can then be variously processed to nonane 82 and other hydrocarbons [214, 215], GVL has also been converted to butenes over a silica-alumina catalyst, which are then oligomerized on H-ZSM-5 or Amberlyst-70 to give a mixture of Cg-Cie alkenes that can be hydrogenated to drop-in fuels (Scheme 27) [216]. 

Sodium borohydride has been incorporated into alumina (Hodosan and Servan, 1969), cellulose matrices (Perrier and Benerito, 1976), and ion-exchange resins (Gibson and Bailey, 1977). The latter reagent was readily prepared using Amberlite IRA-400 and Amberlyst A-26. A more extensive survey of the properties of this material has been published (Cook et al., 1978 Cook, 1978). The borohydride resin (Resin-Borohydride) is a developmental product of Ventron Corporation, Beverly, Massachusetts. 

Polymer-supported Lewis acid catalysts based on metals with high coordination numbers, such as Sc, Yb, and Ln, proved to be highly effective in promoting several organic transformations. Umani-Ronchi and coworkers developed polymer-supported indium (I II) Lewis acid [85]. The polymeric In (III) was easily prepared from Amberlyst-Na [86] and In(OTf)3 (Scheme 19.40). They tested the catalytic properties of the polymer-supported indium Lewis acid in the ring... 

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