Valeric biofuels

Lange J-P, Price R, Ayoub PM, Louis J, Petrus L, Clarke L, Gosselmk H (2010) Valeric biofuels a platform of cellulosic transportation fuels. Angew Chem Int Ed49(26) 4479-4483... 

GVL 73, itself a potential biofuel, is also a starting material for pentanoate esters ( valeric biofuels ) that have been shown to have outstanding fuel properties [213]. GVL-derived pentanoic acid 80 can be catalytically upgraded by decarboxylative ketonization to 5-nonanone 81, which can then be variously processed to nonane 82 and other hydrocarbons [214, 215], GVL has also been converted to butenes over a silica-alumina catalyst, which are then oligomerized on H-ZSM-5 or Amberlyst-70 to give a mixture of Cg-Cie alkenes that can be hydrogenated to drop-in fuels (Scheme 27) [216]. 

Levulinic acid as platform molecule to oxygenated fuels alkyl levulinates and valeric biofuels... 

Scandola M, CeccomUi G, Doi Y (1990) Viscoelastic relaxations and thermal properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvaleiate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate). Int J Biol Macromol 12 112—117 Scharlemann JPW, Laurance WF (2008) How green are biofuels Sdence 319 43-44 Senior PJ, Dawes EA (1973) The regulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacter beiqerinckii. Biochem J 134 225—238 Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A (2010) Degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-valerate) by a newly isolated Actinomadura sp. AF-555, from sod. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 64 281-285... 

Chan-Thaw, C.E., MareUi, M., Psaro, R., Ravasio, N., Zaccheria, F., 2013. New generation biofuels y-valerolactone into valeric esters in one pot. RSC Advances 3, 1302—1306. 

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