Amaranth starch

Another likely commercial starch is that from amaranth seed, an expanding crop for food use, particularly its flour. Amaranth starch granules (1—3 micrometers dia) have potential for numerous food appHcations, one of which is as a fat replacer because of their small size and especially after minor surface hydrolysis with a-amylase or glucoamylase to produce a fluffy surface (see Fat replacers). 

Baker, L. A., Rayas-Duarte, P. (1998). Freeze-thaw stability of amaranth starch and the effects of salt and sugars. Cereal Chem., 75, 301-303. 

Amaranth [915-67-3] Amaranth starch Amaretta Amange Amaromycm... 

Amaranth starch has very small and very uniform granules, the majority being less than 1 micrometer in diameter. Starch isolated from two Amaranthus species was compared and found to contain approximately 90% amylopectin and 10% amylose.164 Those authors prepared distarch phosphates and found that A. hypochondriacus starch responded more to crosslinking, as evidenced by reduced swelling power at 85°C and an increased gelatinization temperature range than did A. cruentus starch. 

The relative crystallinity of quinoa starch has been described as higher than that of normal barley starch, lower than that of amaranth starch, and similar to that of waxy barley starch (Qian and Kuhn, 1999 Tang et ah, 2002). 

Calzetta Resio, A.N., Tolaba, M.R, and Suarez, C. Some physical and thermal characteristics of amaranth starch. Food Sci. Technol. Int., 6, 371, 1999. 

Tomita, Y., Sugimoto, Y., Sakamoto, S., and Fuwa, H. (1981). Some properties of starches of grain amaranths and several millets. /. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 27, 471-484. 

Torres et al. (2006) reported a novel microwave processing technique to produce biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering from different types of starch-based polymers. Potato, sweet potato, com starch, and non-isolated amaranth and quinoa starch were used along with water and glycerol as plasticizers to produce porous stmctures. Figure 16.1 shows the manufacturing procedure of microwaved starch scaffolds. 

Figure 6.1 Scanning electron micrographs of starches (a) normal maize (b) waxy maize (c) potato (d) wheat (e) sorghum (f) sweet corn (g) amaranth (h) high-amylose maize 7.10... 

Because the characteristic blue color of the starch-iodine complex is not formed at high concentrations of hydrochloric acid, starch is not a suitable indicator. Andrews used a few milliliters of an extraction solvent such as carbon tetrachloride or chloroform to obtain a highly sensitive end point. The main disadvantage is the inconvenience of shaking the reagent with the extraction solvent after each addition near the end point. As internal indicators, amaranth, brilliant ponceau, and / -ethoxychrysoidin have given the best results. 

Quinoa amylopectin, like that of amaranth and buckwheat, contains a large number of short chains from 8 to 12 units and a small number of longer chains of 13-20, compared to the endosperm starches of other... 

TABLE 1.5 Granule size of starches from quinoa, amaranth, rice, barley ( tm)... 

Ahamed, T., Singhala, R., Kulkamia, P., and Pal, M. (1997). Deep fat-fried snacks from blends of soya flour and corn, amaranth and chenopodium starches. Food Chem. 58(4), 313-317. 

Mujica, A., and Jacobsen, S. (2006). La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) y sus parientes silvestres. Botanica Economica de los Andes Centrales. (M. Mundigler, N. (1998). Isolation and Determination of Starch from Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) and Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Starch/Stdrke 50, 2-3, pp. 67-69. 

Mundigler, N. (1998). Isolation and determination of starch from amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Starch/Stdrke, 50(2-3), 67-69. 

Gross, Nutr. Rep. int. 29 721 (1984) lipids F,. Opute, J, Exp. Botany 30 601 (1979). Baking potential of flour K. Lorenz, Starch 33, 149 (1981). Most amaranth species have edible leaves wiih mild spinach-like flavor. A. cruentas, A, dubius, A. hybridus, A. lividus and A. tricolor are tome of the species grown as vegetables. Magnesium and copper content of leaf N. M. Guttiker et at., J. Nutr. Diet. 3, 4 (1966) ... 

Pre-Gel Amaranth Powd.. See Amaranth Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione-11,17,-21-tri hydroxy-, [lip]. See Hydrocortisone Prejel PA5 PH. See Starch, pregelatinized Premalox 10] Premalox FG. See Alumina Premier . See Kaolin Premium Fine Granular Gum Arabic. See Acacia... 

Grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus and A. caudatus) The starch of grain amaranths has extremely small granules and has a high water absorption capacity. As such, the starch can be used in the food industry, in making high quality plastics, in cosmetics and in other industries. Natural dye can also be extracted for colouring. 

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